In the current pandemic, researchers are working on creating antibody tests to determine which individuals have already had an infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. If someone has been infected, then they will have certain antibodies in their system and the hope is that a highly accurate test can be created to detect these antibodies. Assume a researcher creates a new antibody test, which for individuals who are known to have had the infection in the past and thus truly have the COVID-19 antibodies, gives a positive result 95% of the time. This same test gives a negative result 90% of time for people who do not have the antibodies. Assume that COVID-19 has affected 5% of the population in the region of interest. What is the probability someone has NOT been infected previously given that their antibody test result comes back positive? [four decimals]
Contingency Table
A contingency table can be defined as the visual representation of the relationship between two or more categorical variables that can be evaluated and registered. It is a categorical version of the scatterplot, which is used to investigate the linear relationship between two variables. A contingency table is indeed a type of frequency distribution table that displays two variables at the same time.
Binomial Distribution
Binomial is an algebraic expression of the sum or the difference of two terms. Before knowing about binomial distribution, we must know about the binomial theorem.
In the current pandemic, researchers are working on creating antibody tests to determine which individuals have already had an infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. If someone has been infected, then they will have certain antibodies in their system and the hope is that a highly accurate test can be created to detect these antibodies.
Assume a researcher creates a new antibody test, which for individuals who are known to have had the infection in the past and thus truly have the COVID-19 antibodies, gives a positive result 95% of the time. This same test gives a negative result 90% of time for people who do not have the antibodies. Assume that COVID-19 has affected 5% of the population in the region of interest.
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