It was reported that some sixty-seven percent of Covid 19 infection, over one summer month in a European country, were people who were fully vaccinated. Does this mean that Covid 19 vaccine is ineffective?
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It was reported that some sixty-seven percent of Covid 19 infection, over one summer month in a European country, were people who were fully vaccinated.
Does this mean that Covid 19 vaccine is ineffective?
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- 1. The 2006 General Social Survey contains information on the number of hours worked by a respondent each week. The mean number of hours worked per week is 39.04, with a standard deviation of 11.51. The sample size is 83. a. Estimate the value of the standard error. b.Calculate a 95 percent confidence interval for the mean number of hours worked per week with these data. c.Say we increased the sample size to 10,000 and found the same mean and standard deviation. What would be the standard error? d.If we increased the sample size to 10,000 what would be the 95% confidence interval for the mean number of hours worked per week? e.Write a sentence answering: How does increasing the sample size affect the width of the confidence interval? f. If we increased the sample size to10,000 what would be the 99% confidence interval for the mean number of hours worked per week? g.Write a sentence answering: How does changing the level of confidence from 95% to 99% affect the width of the confidence…A researcher is creating a new treatment protocol for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS), a form of preleukemia. Following the old treatment protocol, 28% of patients with MDS will develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. He believes his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. He takes a random sample of 100 individuals on his new treatment protocol. Of these 100 individuals, 20 develop leukemia within 5 years of MDS diagnosis. Conduct a hypothesis test at the 10% level to test this claim that his new treatment protocol will lead to fewer MDS patients developing leukemia. What is the significance level? a. 0.10 b. 0.05 c. 0.20 d. 0.01 e. 0.28A random selection of volunteers at a research institute has been exposed to a weak flu virus. After the volunteers began to have flu symptoms, 10 of them were given multivitamin tablets daily that contained 1 gram of vitamin C and 3 grams of various other vitamins and minerals. The remaining 10 volunteers were given tablets containing 4 grams of vitamin C only. For each individual, the length of time taken to recover from the flu was recorded. At the end of the experiment the following data were obtained. Days to recover from flu Treated with 4.0, 7.9, 6.1, 2.9, 4.0, 4.0, 4.5, 6.4, 5.6, 2.3 multivitamin Treated with 4.0, 6.6, 8.5, 3.2, 4.8, 2.6, 3.4, 3.2, 7.6, 7.7 vitamin C Send data to calculator v Suppose that it is known that the population standard deviation of recovery time from the flu is 1.8 days when treated with multivitamins and that the population standard deviation of recovery time from the flu is 1.5 days when treated with vitamin C tablets. Suppose also that both…
- The drug X is marketed to help protect against male pattern baldness, and it also may protect against prostate cancer. A large sampleof healthy men over age 60 were randomly assigned to receive either a daily drug X pill or a placebo. The study lasted nine years and the men had annual check-ups and a biopsy at the end of the study. Prostate cancer was found in 815 of 4368 men taking drug X and in 1176 of the 4698 men taking a placebo. What kind of a study is this and what mesure of assocation (rd, rr, or) can be used and why?A researcher surveyed 500 people. She found that the individuals who took some form of over the counter sleep aid (i.e. ZZZQuil) were able to fall asleep in a shorter period of time and stay asleep for longer periods than the individuals who did not. a) Was this study observational or experimental? Why?b) What was the explanatory variable? What was the response variable?Researchers are interested in the effectiveness of a new anti-retroviral medication at increasing 5 year survival for HIV infected persons with Hepatitis C. In order to test the efficacy of the new study drug, the researchers randomly assigned participants to receive either the new medication or a placebo. The following table summarizes preliminary results of the trial. Deceased Non-Deceased Total New Vaccine 55 84 139 Placebo 61 67 128 Total 116 151 267 A) Calculate the relative risk for mortality among those treated with the new vaccine versus the placebo. B) Interpret the relative risk measurement.
- There was a 5-year study of asthma among children in the state of Rhode Island. Children were followed and assessed for new asthma cases every year. At the beginning of the study 17 of the 2,400 children already had asthma. At the first yearly assessment 15 more kids had developed asthma. At the second yearly assessment 20 more kids had developed asthma. At the third assessment 34 more kids, at the fourth assessment 25 more kids, and at the final and fifth assessment 15 more kids had developed asthma. What was the point prevalence of asthma among children in RI at the beginning of the study? What was the cumulative incidence of asthma over the five-year study? What was the incidence density of asthma in the study?An experiment to determine if a migraine medication decreases a person's average number of monthly migraines is performed on 400 people who report they have several migraines a month. Researchers randomly assigned 200 people to the treatment group and 200 people to the control group. After the study, the researchers determined that 48 of the subjects in the treatment group and 28 of the subjects in the control group average fewer migraines per month. The data from the two groups are resampled 150 times, and the table shows the distribution of the differences of the proportions for the reconfigured treatment and control groups.Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to a few strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV). The pharmaceutical company Merck developed a vaccine (Gardisil) against these HPV strains. Worldwide clinical trials followed young women after vaccination or administration of placebo for two to four years for signs of HPV-caused cervical cancer. Based on a sample of 100 women in the Gardisil group, 26% developed cervical cancer, and based on a sample of 100 women in the placebo group, 32% developed cervical cancer. Test the claim that the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group is less than the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the placebo group at a = 0.05. Round your answers to three decimal places, and round any interim calculations to four decimal places. Fill in the hypotheses below where p₁ denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical cancer in the Gardisil group and p2 denotes the proportion of women who developed cervical…
- Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death and illness worldwide, with high blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol both being established risk factors. Because most cardiovascular events occur in persons with average risk and no previous cardiovascular disease history, the present research examined the simultaneous use of both blood pressure‑reducing drugs and cholesterol‑reducing drugs on this population rather than focus on only those at high risk. Subjects included men at least 55 years old and women at least 65 years old without cardiovascular disease who had at least one additional risk factor besides age, such as recent or current smoking, hypertension, or family history of premature coronary heart disease. Those with current cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study. Subjects were randomly assigned to the treatment (cholesterol‑ and blood pressure‑reducing drugs) or a placebo, and the number suffering the primary outcome of a fatal cardiovascular event or a…A total of 150 participants are selected for a study of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. At baseline (study start), 24 are classified as hypertensive. At onc year, an additional 12 have developed hypertension and at 2 years another 8 have developed hypertension. What is the prevalence of hypertension at 2 years in the study?A pharmaceutical company proposed a vaccine that would combat paralytic polio. Two independent random samples were collected from the population. One random sample of 201,229 was given the placebo, and among them 100,910 contracted paralytic polio. The other random sample of 200,745 was given the vaccine, and among them 50,033 people ended up contracting paralytic polio. Let the true proportion of cases of paralytic polio given placebo be p1p1 and the true proportion of cases of paralytic polio given vaccine be p2. Calculate the upper bound of a 95% confidence interval for p1−p2. Round your answer to three decimal places.