A researcher decides to conduct a study to observe the association between smoking cessation among long-term smokers and obesity since it has been previously well documented in the literature that smokers tend to gain weight when they stop smoking. The researcher notes that among the individuals who gain weight, many of them have developed heart problems or other medical problems that typically prevent them from exercising as much as their counterparts. In this case the individuals who developed these health problems had specific genetic markers putting them at higher risk of developing their health problems while they were smoking than their counterparts. This is an example of which of the following? Confounding Recall bias Statistical interaction Misclassification bias

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