Figure out the mRNA and amino acid sequences each mutant gene would code for and compare them to the original protein **BIO 220 SUMMER 2020****Mutation #5 (Insertion – another frameshift mutation)***Note that any number of base pairs can be inserted in a given insertion mutation*| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 ||---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|| A | T | G | T | T | A | C | A | C | T | A | A | G | A | C | A | C | C | T | G | A | C | C | G | A | A | T | G | T | C | C | T | A || T | A | C | A | C | A | A | T | G | A | C | T | G | A | T | A | T | G | A | T | C | T | G | G | G | G | T | A | T | C | T | C | A || T | G | T | G | T | A | T | C | A | T | T | T | A | T | T | G | T | C | A | T | T | A | G | A | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | C | T |**Mutation #6 (Deletion – frameshift mutation)***Note that any number of base pairs can be deleted in a given deletion mutation*| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |

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Description: Figure out the mRNA and amino acid sequences each mutant gene would code for and compare them to the original protein **BIO 220 SUMMER 2020****Mutation #5 (Insertion – another frameshift mutation)***Note that any number of base pairs can be inserted

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Figure out the mRNA and amino acid sequences each mutant gene would code for and compare them to the original protein

**BIO 220 SUMMER 2020**

**Mutation #5 (Insertion – another frameshift mutation)**

*Note that any number of base pairs can be inserted in a given insertion mutation*

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|
| A | T | G | T | T | A | C | A | C | T | A | A | G | A | C | A | C | C | T | G | A | C | C | G | A | A | T | G | T | C | C | T | A |
| T | A | C | A | C | A | A | T | G | A | C | T | G | A | T | A | T | G | A | T | C | T | G | G | G | G | T | A | T | C | T | C | A |
| T | G | T | G | T | A | T | C | A | T | T | T | A | T | T | G | T | C | A | T | T | A | G | A | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | C | T |

**Mutation #6 (Deletion – frameshift mutation)**

*Note that any number of base pairs can be deleted in a given deletion mutation*

| | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |

Expert Solution

Step 1

DNA is a double-stranded structure and has genes in a form of coded sequence. The template strand of the gene transcribes itself into a complementary mRNA strand. the mRNA sequence is used for the translation of the genetic information into a polypeptide chain. The mRNA sequence is read in the form of triplets known as codons. Each codon codes for one of the twenty amino acids.

Step 2

Mutation#4

Deletion- Frameshift mutation

In this type of mutation, one or more nucleotides are lost or deleted from the DNA segment resulting in the shifting of the reading frame of the base sequences. Due to deletion, the reading frame shifts in the backward direction.

	template strand	coding strand	mRNA	Amino acid sequence
1	T	A	A	Methionine or start codon
2	A	T	U
3	C	G	G
4	A	T	U	Cysteine
5	C	G	G
6	A	T	U
7	A	T	U	Tyrosine
8	T	A	A
9	G	C	C
10	A	T	U	Stop codon
15	T	A	A
16	C	G	G
17	T	A	A	Stop codon codes for the termination of the polypeptide chain synthesis. Hence, no further translation will take place in this case of a frameshift mutation.
18	G	C	C
19	A	T	U
20	C	G	G
21	G	C	C
22	G	C	C
23	G	C	C
24	G	C	C
25	T	A	A
26	C	G	G
27	C	G	G
28	C	G	G
29	C	G	G
30	C	G	G
31	A	T	U
32	T	A	A
33	T	A	A

The amino acid sequence for the given strand with frameshift mutation will be met-cys-tyr-stop.

Step 3

Mutation#5

Insertion- Frameshift mutation

In this type of mutation, one or more nucleotides are added in the DNA segment resulting in the shifting of the reading frame of the base sequences. Due to insertion, the reading frame shifts in the forward direction.

	template strand	coding strand	mRNA	Amino acid sequence
1	T	A	A	Methionine or start codon
2	A	T	U
3	C	G	G
4	A	T	U	Cysteine
5	C	G	G
6	A	T	U
7	A	T	U	Tyrosine
8	T	A	A
9	G	C	C
10	A	T	U	Phenylalanine
11	A	T	U
12	A	T	U
13	C	G	G	Glutamic acid
14	T	A	A
15	T	A	A
16	C	G	G	Aspartic acid
17	T	A	A
18	G	C	C
19	A	T	U	Cysteine
20	C	G	G
	G	C	C
	A	T	U	Serine
21	G	C	C
22	G	C	C
23	G	C	C	Proline
24	G	C	C
25	T	A	A
26	C	G	G	Glycine
27	C	G	G
28	C	G	G
29	C	G	G	Glycine
30	C	G	G
31	A	T	U
32	T	A	A
33	T	A	A

Amino acid sequence of the DNA strand with insertion-frameshift mutation: met-cys-tyr-phe-glu-asp-cys-ser-pro-gly-gly-

There is no stop codon and the the last two neucleotides are also not in the form of triplets.

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