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- With one mole each of sucrose, and arginine: 1) rank these molecules in order of increasing energy production, 2) describe the metabolic pathways involved in producing ATP for each molecule, 3) approximate (and explain) and the number of Acetyl-Co A molecules that would be generated from each molecule.Can you help me to explain every question with these answer?Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATP
- glycerol 3-phosphate forms the backbone of glycerosphospholipids. what 3-carbon intermediate in the glycolysis pathway is the immediate precursor of glycerol 3-phosphate?Describe the differences between lecithin and cephalin. Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid containing two molecules of stearic acid and ethanolamine.When the activated form of alcohol is used to synthesize glycerophospholipids, CDP-alcohol reacts with diacylglycerol to form glycerophospholipids. In this metabolic pathway, diacylglycerol is most likely produced by: a) Triacylglycerol lipase b) Phosphatidate phosphorylase c) Diacylglycerol lipase d) All of the above e) None of the above
- ( please give answer in simple language and draw diagram where necessary)Consider the mechanism of enolase, as indicated below. Which of the following correctly describes the roles of the Mg2+ as illustrated in the figure? (This is a multi- select question). Mg2+ Mg2 Enolase PO3- OH -C-C-H H OH HO H-N-H Lys 345 Glu211 2-Phosphoglycerate bound to enzyme Mg2+ Mg2 PO3- OH C-C-H OH HO H H-N*-H Lys 345 O Glu211 Enolic intermediate HOH PO3- H Phosphoenolpyruvate The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to stabilize the extra negative charge that developed on the carboxyl group in the enolic intermediate. The metal ion (Mg2+) is serving as a general base, removing a proton in order to improve the quality of the nucleophile. The metal ion (Mg2+) is assisting in the oxidation of the carboxyl carbon through metal ion catalysis. The metal ion (Mg2+) is helping to orient the substrate properly in the active site. The metal ion (Mg2+) is accepting a proton in order to improve the quality of the leaving group.While fatty acids longer than 20 carbons are rarely found in foods, lignoceric acid (24:0) is found in a variety of tree nuts. Answer the following based on the conversion of a molecule of lignoceric acid to 8-hydroxybutyrate. (a) What are the 8-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric acid? (b) Given the following, how many molecules of 8-hydroxybutyrate can be produced? CoA 2 2 CoA NADH NAD+ H+ OH ẞ-hydroxybutyrate (c) Based on the total NADH and FADH2 available after converting lignoceric acid into 8-hydroxybutyrate, what is the maximum yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.
- Describe the roles of glycerol 3- phosphate, phosphatidate, and diacylglycerol in triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis.Identify the structures shown as glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids.The effect of ATP on the allosteric enzyme PFK-1 is shown below. For a given concentration of fructose 6-phosphate, the PFK-1 activity increases with increasing concentrations of ATP, but a point is reached beyond which increasing the concentration of ATP inhibits the enzyme. (a) Explain how ATP can be both a substrate and an inhibitor of PFK-1. How is the enzyme regulated by ATP? (b) In what ways is glycolysis regulated by ATP levels? (c) The inhibition of PFK-1 by ATP is diminished when the ADP concentration is high, as shown in the illustration. How can this observation be explained? *A graph is included for this question*
