Day 4. Mutation: Changes in the Genetic Code When the code in a gene is changed, a different message may result. Any change in the sequence of nitrogenous base in the DNA, any mistake in t.a transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA or pairing of codon and anticodon, may cause change in the kind, sequence and number of amino acid of proteins synthesized by the cells. Changes in the genes can occur for a varlety of reasons. Mutation may be induced by factors called mutagens. Mutagens are commonly in the form of toxic chemicals and harmful radiation. Sometimes, mistakes occur in DNA replication, mitosis and meiosis. Mutation can occur in two different types of cells: reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) and the body cells. Mutations affect the reproductive cells of an organism by changing the sequence of nucleotides within a gene in a sperm or egg cell. If these cells are fertilized, then the mutated genes become a part of genetic make-up of the offspring. If mutation is severe, the resulting proteins may be nonfunctional, and the embryo may not develop. There are two types of mutation that can occur in the gamete or sex cells. These are gene mutațion, which is permanent change in the DNA seguence makes up a zene and the chromosomal mutation, which occurs at the chromosomal level resulting In gene deletion, duplication, inversion or rearrangerient of chromosomal part that may occur during the cell cycle and cell division. may cause by parts of chromosomes breaking off or rejoining incorrectly. People affected by the disease eventually die. Consider what might happen if an amino acid was inserted in a rowing protein chain uuring the process of transcription and translation. This can possibly happen in point nutution where a change in a single base pair occurs. Read the two sentences below. What happen when a single etter in the first sentence is charged? THE DC3 BIT THE CAT THE DOG BIT THE CAR change in nitrogenous base in a protein may yield a different amino acid and a corresponding change in the rotein structure and function. Any changes in the segment of each chromnsomes may lead to mutation. inds of Chromosomal Mutation cudy the diagram below and differeniiate the kinds of chromosomal mutation. Deletion Duplication