Lab 7: Protein Synthesis B. The DNA code for the A chain of insulin Below is the DNA base sequence for one part of the human insulin molecule. QUESTION: Complete the DNA molecule: add the other strand using complementary bases. TAG CAC GTC ACG TCG TGT 3' 5' 12 1 2 AGG AAC ATA 3' CCA 13 CCA 1 AGG AAC CTT 14 15 16 17 19 QUESTION: Where is DNA located within a eukaryotic cell? TAG 2 ACA ATA 6 4 5 3 CTT AAC GTT 3 TTG 4 GTT AAC 18 7 ATA ACA 8 ACA 20 C. Transcription of the Code Until the 1980s, diabetics were treated with insulin extracted from pigs or cattle. Today, genetically engineered bacteria are used to make human insulin. A human insulin gene has been added to bacteria. These bacteria are then grown in huge vats and the human insulin they produce is extracted, packed in vials, and sent to the is very similar in pharmacy for human use. This feat is possible only because the system for expressing genes all life forms. 5 60 7 CTT TTG ATA The first step in the gene expression process is transcription. When transcription is triggered by certain proteins, the DNA strand going from the 3' to 5' direction is transcribed to make mRNA. It is called the template strand. The other strand (the one you wrote out above) is not used to make mRNA but it is used when the DNA molecule is replicated. 9 QUESTION: Transcribe the gene. Write out the correct sequence of mRNA bases. Notice that this is the same gene as in B above. Recall that in RNA, thymine (T) does not exist and uracil (U) takes its place. CAC CTT GTC ACG TGT TCG TAG TTA 21 8 TAG ACA 10 ACT ACA 9 11 in m 5' TTA 3⁹ 10 ACT ACA 11 5'
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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