12. In one experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive sulfur (35S). a. Into what part of the phage was the 35S incorporated? (protein coat or DNA) b. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 35S found after mixing with the E. coli? c. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results?

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V. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (Early 1950s)
Hershey and Chase utilized phages in their research. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coat
and DNA, it also reproduces quickly and can easily be harvested. Hershey and Chase used radioactive P and S to track the
differences in the protein and DNA, since only DNA contains Pand only proteins contain S. They infected bacteria with the phage
that had the radioactive S, and they infected another group of bacteria with a radioactive P. The results showed that the bacteria
containing radioactive P entered the bacterium.
Watch this to help you understand: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hubXqPrsIR4
EXPERIMENT
Empty
protein
shell
Radioactive
protein
Radioactivity
(phage protein)
in liquid
Phage
Bacterial cell -
Batch 1:
- DNA
Radioactive
sulfur
(s)
Phage
DNA
Centrifuge
Pellet (bacterial
cells and contents)
Radioactive
DNA
Batch 2:
Radioactive
phosphorus
(P)
Centrifuge
Radioactivity
Pellet (phage DNA)
in pellet
10. What are bacteriophages?
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coat and DNA, it also reproduces quickly and can
easily be harvested.
11. What effect does a bacteriophage have on E. coli bacteria?
12. In one experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive sulfur (35S).
a. Into what part of the phage was the 35S incorporated? (protein coat or DNA)
b. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 35S found after mixing with the E. coli?
c. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results?
13. In another experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were then
allowed to infect E. coli.
a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli?
b. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results?
c. The Hershey Chase experiment provided evidence that
was the genetic material.
VI. Erwin Chargaff (Early 1950s)
14. What is the difference between a purine and pyrimidine?
15. Adenine (A) pairs with
Guanine (G) pairs with
16. The bases that are purines include
&
17. The bases that are pyrimidines include _
&
18. How many hydrogen bonds form between A&T?
C&G?
19. If an organism's genome consists of 10% thymine, what percent should be cytosine?
VII. Rosalind Franklin (Early 1950s)
20. What technique did Franklin use and improve?
21. What did she discover about the probable shape of DNA?
22. What controversy surrounds Rosalind Franklin?
VIII. James Watson and Francis Crick (Early 1960s)
23. What did they receive the Nobel Prize for?
24. Describe the following parts of the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick: Backbone and Rungs
Transcribed Image Text:V. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (Early 1950s) Hershey and Chase utilized phages in their research. A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coat and DNA, it also reproduces quickly and can easily be harvested. Hershey and Chase used radioactive P and S to track the differences in the protein and DNA, since only DNA contains Pand only proteins contain S. They infected bacteria with the phage that had the radioactive S, and they infected another group of bacteria with a radioactive P. The results showed that the bacteria containing radioactive P entered the bacterium. Watch this to help you understand: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hubXqPrsIR4 EXPERIMENT Empty protein shell Radioactive protein Radioactivity (phage protein) in liquid Phage Bacterial cell - Batch 1: - DNA Radioactive sulfur (s) Phage DNA Centrifuge Pellet (bacterial cells and contents) Radioactive DNA Batch 2: Radioactive phosphorus (P) Centrifuge Radioactivity Pellet (phage DNA) in pellet 10. What are bacteriophages? A bacteriophage is a virus that infects a bacterium, it consists of a protein coat and DNA, it also reproduces quickly and can easily be harvested. 11. What effect does a bacteriophage have on E. coli bacteria? 12. In one experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive sulfur (35S). a. Into what part of the phage was the 35S incorporated? (protein coat or DNA) b. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 35S found after mixing with the E. coli? c. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results? 13. In another experiment, they grew bacteriophages in a culture with radioactive phosphorus (32P). The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. a. The phages were then allowed to infect E. coli. Where was the 32P found after mixing with the E. coli? b. What conclusion did Hershey and Chase make, based on these results? c. The Hershey Chase experiment provided evidence that was the genetic material. VI. Erwin Chargaff (Early 1950s) 14. What is the difference between a purine and pyrimidine? 15. Adenine (A) pairs with Guanine (G) pairs with 16. The bases that are purines include & 17. The bases that are pyrimidines include _ & 18. How many hydrogen bonds form between A&T? C&G? 19. If an organism's genome consists of 10% thymine, what percent should be cytosine? VII. Rosalind Franklin (Early 1950s) 20. What technique did Franklin use and improve? 21. What did she discover about the probable shape of DNA? 22. What controversy surrounds Rosalind Franklin? VIII. James Watson and Francis Crick (Early 1960s) 23. What did they receive the Nobel Prize for? 24. Describe the following parts of the DNA model proposed by Watson and Crick: Backbone and Rungs
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