Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca2+ from thecytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10−7 M, to the extracellularfluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM. Assume a temperature of 37°C (body temperature in a mammal) and a standard transmembrane potentialof 50 mV (inside negative) for the plasma membrane.
Cell Structure
The knowledge and concept about the structure of the cells have changed constantly over the past years. Primarily the scientist defines the cells as a simple membranous sac with fluids and some particles. Researches have now revealed that the cell is the more complex and basic unit of life. There are different types of cells and they also differ in shape and structure. The basic three parts of a cell are cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelle.
Plant Cell
The smallest functional unit of a living organism is known as the cell. It is composed of cytoplasm enclosed by an outer layer known as the cell membrane. A cell is classified as a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. A prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus, and the genetic material is freely suspended in the cell cytoplasm; for example, bacteria are composed of a prokaryotic cell. Whereas a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles with a specific function, plants and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
Plant Cell Types
Plants are made up of a variety of cell types that include both living and dead cells. These cells provide them mechanical and structural support along with the growth of plants. Plant tissue is a group or collection of cells, which are similar in structure and work together to accomplish a specific function. Plant cells are most similar to animal cells, both being eukaryotic cells.
Calculate the energy cost (free-energy change) of pumping Ca2+ from the
cytosol, where its concentration is about 1.0 × 10−7 M, to the extracellular
fluid, where its concentration is about 1.0 mM. Assume a temperature of 37
°C (body temperature in a mammal) and a standard transmembrane potential
of 50 mV (inside negative) for the plasma membrane.
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