**Lac Operon and Gene Regulation in Bacteria** Bacteria are typically haploid organisms, meaning they have a single copy of their genome. However, introducing a plasmid into bacteria can create a pseudo-diploid condition. In this study, a plasmid carrying the lac operon is introduced to predict the state of the beta-galactosidase enzyme (lac Z) across various genotypes. **Key Mutations:** - **I⁻**: Mutation in the repressor protein that prevents binding to the operator. - **Iˢ**: Mutation in the repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator. - **Oᶜ**: Mutation in the operator that prevents binding of the repressor. - **Z⁻**: Mutation in beta-galactosidase that renders the enzyme non-functional. **Table Explanation:** The table evaluates combinations of chromosomal and plasmid genotypes with the presence of lactose, to determine the state of the functional enzyme and the phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed). | Chromosome | Plasmid | Lactose Present | Functional enzyme (yes/no) | Phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed) | |------------|---------|-----------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------| | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | constitutive | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | No | | repressed | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, Oᶜ| No | | | | I, Z⁻, O | I⁻, Z, O| Yes | | | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | | | Iˢ, Z, Oᶜ | I, Z, O | | | | This table helps predict enzyme activity and regulatory outcomes in bacteria with modified genetic setups, providing insights into gene regulation mechanisms.
**Lac Operon and Gene Regulation in Bacteria** Bacteria are typically haploid organisms, meaning they have a single copy of their genome. However, introducing a plasmid into bacteria can create a pseudo-diploid condition. In this study, a plasmid carrying the lac operon is introduced to predict the state of the beta-galactosidase enzyme (lac Z) across various genotypes. **Key Mutations:** - **I⁻**: Mutation in the repressor protein that prevents binding to the operator. - **Iˢ**: Mutation in the repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator. - **Oᶜ**: Mutation in the operator that prevents binding of the repressor. - **Z⁻**: Mutation in beta-galactosidase that renders the enzyme non-functional. **Table Explanation:** The table evaluates combinations of chromosomal and plasmid genotypes with the presence of lactose, to determine the state of the functional enzyme and the phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed). | Chromosome | Plasmid | Lactose Present | Functional enzyme (yes/no) | Phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed) | |------------|---------|-----------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------| | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | constitutive | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | No | | repressed | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, Oᶜ| No | | | | I, Z⁻, O | I⁻, Z, O| Yes | | | | I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | | | Iˢ, Z, Oᶜ | I, Z, O | | | | This table helps predict enzyme activity and regulatory outcomes in bacteria with modified genetic setups, providing insights into gene regulation mechanisms.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:**Lac Operon and Gene Regulation in Bacteria**
Bacteria are typically haploid organisms, meaning they have a single copy of their genome. However, introducing a plasmid into bacteria can create a pseudo-diploid condition. In this study, a plasmid carrying the lac operon is introduced to predict the state of the beta-galactosidase enzyme (lac Z) across various genotypes.
**Key Mutations:**
- **I⁻**: Mutation in the repressor protein that prevents binding to the operator.
- **Iˢ**: Mutation in the repressor protein that cannot be removed from the operator.
- **Oᶜ**: Mutation in the operator that prevents binding of the repressor.
- **Z⁻**: Mutation in beta-galactosidase that renders the enzyme non-functional.
**Table Explanation:**
The table evaluates combinations of chromosomal and plasmid genotypes with the presence of lactose, to determine the state of the functional enzyme and the phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed).
| Chromosome | Plasmid | Lactose Present | Functional enzyme (yes/no) | Phenotype (inducible, constitutive, repressed) |
|------------|---------|-----------------|----------------------------|-------------------------------------------------|
| I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | constitutive |
| I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | No | | repressed |
| I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, Oᶜ| No | | |
| I, Z⁻, O | I⁻, Z, O| Yes | | |
| I⁻, Z, O | I, Z, O | Yes | | |
| Iˢ, Z, Oᶜ | I, Z, O | | | |
This table helps predict enzyme activity and regulatory outcomes in bacteria with modified genetic setups, providing insights into gene regulation mechanisms.
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Part 1. Functional enzyme : YES. Phenotype : Inducible.
VIEWPart 2. Functional enzyme : NO. Phenotype : Inducible.
VIEWPart 3. Functional enzyme: YES. Phenotype: Constitutive.
VIEWPart 4. Functional Enzyme: YES. Phenotype: Constitutive.
VIEWPart 5. Functional enzyme: NO. Phenotype: Non - inducible.
VIEW
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