During vigorous exercise, a buffer system consisting of lactic acid and sodium lactate is produced in the muscle cells and released into circulation. (a) Calculate the concentration of lactate in the blood plasma (pH= 7.40) if the concentration of lactic acid in the blood is 1.50µM. {The pKa for lactic acid is 4.76}.   (b) How is NADH recycled to NAD+when oxygen is a limiting factor during vigorous exercise? (c) Indicate the biochemical transformation that occurs in (b) above when aerobic conditions are restored during the resting state.

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