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- Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where 169 patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control. 66 patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines. 103 patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Use a = .05. Pain Free: Pain Free: Total Yes No Treatment 16 50 66 Control 9 94 103 Total 25 144 169The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations mandated that hospitals ban smoking by 1994. To study the effects of this ban on smoking behaviors, subjects were randomly selected from two different populations: those from hospitals with the ban and those from hospitals without the ban. Investigators were interested in determining if this smoking ban had any impact on the proportion of smokers employed at each hospital that then quit smoking. Among 843 smoking employees of hospitals with the smoking ban, 56 quit smoking during the study period. Among 703 smoking employees from workplaces without the smoking ban, 27 quit smoking during the study period. Below is the Stata output that was run to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between these two proportions at the α=0.05 level. A. What is the estimate of the proportion of smokers from the hospitals that implemented the ban that quit smoking (the blank labeled "C" in the above output)?…2
- Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?A study used 1259 patients who had suffered a stroke. The study randomly assigned each subject to an aspirin treatment or a placebo treatment. During a 3-year follow-up period, in Sample 1, 634 people received placebo treatments and 25 people died from heart attack. In sample 2, 625 people received aspirin treatment and 18 died from heart attack. Let pl denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with no treatment and p2 denote the population proportion of death from heart attack for those with aspirin treatment. (c) Which of SEO and SE1 is used for calculating a confidence interval for comparing two population proportions? Which is used for calculating the test statistic in a hypothesis test? (d) Construct the 95% confidence interval for pi – p2. Interpret.Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where 88 females diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control. 54 patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines. 34 patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. (please round answers to within one hundredth of a percent) Pain Free: Yes Pain Free: No Total Treatment 10 44 54 Control 3 31 34 Total 13 75 88 a) What percent of patients in the treatment group were pain free 24 hours after receiving acupuncture? b) What…
- A study was made of 1,057 cases of poisoning in children treated as inpatients at Milwaukee Children's Hospital from 1962 through 1968. Data on date of occurrence, age and sex of the child, and type of agent involved were recorded and analyzed by standard statistical methods. Poisoning was due to ingestion of aspirin in 35 per cent of the children studied and to the ingestion of hydrocarbon distillates in 18 per cent. A statistically significant male dominance was found for ingestion of hydrocarbons; age-specific peaks were found for some categories. Trends as to the relative and absolute frequencies of each specific poison from one year to the next were noted; possible reasons for increasing or decreasing trends are discussed. Is this study descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer. What are the variables used in the study? In your opinion, what level of measurement was used to obtain the data from the variables? Does the article define the population? If so, how is it…Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control.Patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines and patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Test at the 8% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Pain Relief Yes (Observed) Yes (Expected Value) No (Observed) No (Expected Value) Row Total No Relief 29 29 58 Control 91 103…In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, children were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 123 of 460 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 24 of 106 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a different proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.01 level of significance? Determine the null and alternative hypotheses. Choose the correct answer below. A. Ho: P1 =0 versus Ho: P, #0 B. Ho: P =P2 versus H,: P, P2 The test statistic zo is (Round to two decimal places as needed.)