Calcium and Blood Pressure Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce bloodpressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intakeand blood pressure. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers thereforedesigned a randomized comparative experiment.The subjects were 21 healthy men who volunteered to take part in the experiment. They wererandomly assigned to two groups: 10 of the men received a calcium supplement for 12 weeks,while the control group of 11 men received a placebo pill that looked identical. The experimentwas double-blind. The response variable is the decrease in systolic (top number) blood pressurefor a subject after 12 weeks, in millimeters of mercury. An increase appears as a negative number.Do the data provide convincing evidence that a calcium supplement reduces blood pressure morethan a placebo, on average, for subjects like the ones in this study?Group 1 (calcium)Group (placebo)7-1-4 18 17 -312 -1 -3 3 -5 5-5 1 10 11 -22 -11 -1 -3

We need to perform a hypothesis test to compare the mean decrease in systolic blood pressure between…

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MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?
For which of the following would it be most appropriate to use an ANOVA to analyze the data? A researcher is interested in determining the most effective format for advertising. He randomly assigns 60 people to one of three groups: (1) television commercial, (2) radio commercial, or (3) magazine advertisement. Group members review the commercial and then report whether or not they would buy the product. In order to determine the effectiveness of different diet plans, 90 people are randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) low calorie diet, (2) low-fat diet, or (3) low-carb diet. At the end of 60 days, the number of pounds lost was recorded for each of the participants. Both A and B. Neither A nor B.
Two groups were polled about their attitudes towards capital punishment. In one group 30 out of 100 favored capital punishment, and in the other group 40 out of 80 favored capital punishment. Calculate an appropriate test value test the hypothesis that the population proportions are the same.
You’re interested in knowing if a walking plus strength training exercise program results in a significantly greater increase in maxVo2 as compared to a walking only or a strength training only exercise program. Participants are randomly selected and then randomly assigned to one of three groups— walking plus strength training, walking only, or strength training only. After 6-months of exercise the participants are assessed. Which statistical analyses was used?
Q1: Placebo effect of exercise In a high-profile research study, Crum and Langer (2007) performed an experiment to test whether the relationship between physical exercise and health is impacted by one's mindset: in other words, if there is any "placebo effect" of exercise. A sample of 84 randomly selected hotel workers in the United States were placed either into a treatment group (n=44) or control group (n=40) depending on which hotel they worked at. The treatment group was given information demonstrating how their work is good physical exercise, while the control group was not given this information. They measured the body mass index (BMI) for each worker before the experiment and again four weeks after the experiment. a. Are the treatment group and control group independent of each other, and if so why? b. Now consider the treatment group alone: are the measurements of BMI taken before and after the experiment independent of each other, and if so why? c. What is the most appropriate…
A large clinical trial of the effect of diet on breast cancer assigned women at random to either a normal diet or a low-fat diet. To check that the random assignment did produce comparable groups, we can compare the two groups at the start of the study. Asked if there is a family history of breast cancer: 1276 of the 5964 women in the low-fat group and 1507 of the 7726 women in the control group said "Yes." If the random assignment worked well, there should not be a significant difference in the proportions with a family history of breast cancer. How significant is the observed difference? State: Is there evidence of a difference in the proportion of women with a family history of breast cancer between the treatment and control groups? Plan: Let pi be the proportion for the treatment group, and Pz the proportion for the control group. State the hypotheses for your test. Ha:Pi + P2 Solve: Give the value of the test statistic. Use the calculator. Select an answer ♥ Ho:pi = p2 What is the…
Acne is a common skin disease that affects most adolescents and can continue into adulthood. A study compared the effectiveness of three acne treatments and a placebo, all in gel form, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. The study's 517 teenage volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. Success was assessed as clear or almost clear skin at the end of the 12 week period. The results of the study can be seen in the table below. Using the appropriate statistical test, determine if there is significant evidence that the four treatments perform differently. If so, how do they compare.
Popular Diets. In the article “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 1, pp. 43–53), M. Dansinger et al. conducted a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of four popular diets for weight loss. Overweight adults with average body mass index of 35 and ages 22–72 years participated in the randomized trial for 1 year. The weight losses, in kilograms, based on the results of the experiment are given on the WeissStats site. Negative losses are gains. WW = Weight Watchers. a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviations of the samples. b. Perform a residual analysis. c. Use your results from parts (a) and (b) to decide whether conducting a one-way ANOVA test on the data is reasonable. If so, also do parts (d) and (e). d. Use a one-way ANOVA test to decide, at the 5% significance level, whether the data provide sufficient…
ester Hollar is vice president for human resources for a large manufacturing company. In recent years, he has noticed an increase in absenteeism that he thinks is related to the general health of the employees. Four years ago, in an attempt to improve the situation, he began a fitness program in which employees exercise during their lunch hour. To evaluate the program, he selected a random sample of eight participants and found the number of days each was absent in the six months before the exercise program began and in the six months following the exercise program. Below are the results. Employee Before After 1 6 5 2 6 2 3 7 1 4 7 3 5 4 3 6 3 6 7 5 3 8 6 7 At the 0.05 significance level, can he conclude that the number of absences has declined? Estimate the p-value. State the decision rule for 0.05 significance level. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.) Compute the test statistic. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)
In randomized, double-blind clinical trials of a new vaccine, monkeys were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 received the new vaccine while subjects in group 2 received a control vaccine. After the second dose, 117 of 750 subjects in the experimental group (group 1) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. After the second dose, 74 of 631 of the subjects in the control group (group 2) experienced drowsiness as a side effect. Does the evidence suggest that a higher proportion of subjects in group 1 experienced drowsiness as a side effect than subjects in group 2 at the a = 0.05 level of significance? Determine the P-value for this hypothesis test. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) Interpret the P-value. If the population proportions are one would expect a sample difference proportion the one observed in about out of 1000 repetitions of this experiment. (Round to the nearest integer as needed.) State the conclusion for this hypothesis test. A. Reject Ho.…
State the hypotheses for each of the three separate tests included in the two-factor ANOVA.
Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control.Patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines and patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Test at the 8% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Pain Relief Yes (Observed) Yes (Expected Value) No (Observed) No (Expected Value) Row Total No Relief 29 29 58 Control 91 103…

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