An experimental cell line expresses K+ inward rectifier channels, Na+ leak channels, K+ channels activated by the elevated levels of cytosolic Ca2+, Cl- channels activated by PKC, aquaporins, and α-1 adrenergic receptors (GPCRs that activate Gαq/11 signalling pathway). No voltage-gated channels of any kind are present. The resting membrane potential of these cells is about –50 mV, and they are bathed in the standard extracellular solution. The intracellular concentrations of the relevant ions are as follows: K+ 130 mM, Na+ 15 mM, Cl- 30 mM, Ca2+ 10-4 mM. Q. What will happen to the cell volume if α-1 adrenergic receptor agonist is applied to the bath? Explain your answer.

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Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.