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After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell ● Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: CGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets chloride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to a potassium-channel, that opens and lets potassium ions diffuse outside the cell. These hypotheses and associated experimental setup are depicted in the figure below. Hypothesis A Hypothesis B Hypothesis C Inside of the cell ... CGMP CGMP CGMP wwwwwww Outside of the cell Na Na Cl Membrane potential (mv) Membrane potential (mv) +50 +30- +10- -10- -30- -50- -70 -80 +50 +30- 0 +10- -10 -30 -50- -70 -80 0 T 1 In the dark (ion channels open) T 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (ms) In the presence of light (ion channels closed) 2 3 4 5 6 Time (ms) T 7 T 7 12. Based on the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential, determine which hypothesis is correct (i.e. which ion channel cGMP binds to). Justify your answer precisely.

After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell ● Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: CGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets chloride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to a potassium-channel, that opens and lets potassium ions diffuse outside the cell. These hypotheses and associated experimental setup are depicted in the figure below. Hypothesis A Hypothesis B Hypothesis C Inside of the cell ... CGMP CGMP CGMP wwwwwww Outside of the cell Na Na Cl Membrane potential (mv) Membrane potential (mv) +50 +30- +10- -10- -30- -50- -70 -80 +50 +30- 0 +10- -10 -30 -50- -70 -80 0 T 1 In the dark (ion channels open) T 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (ms) In the presence of light (ion channels closed) 2 3 4 5 6 Time (ms) T 7 T 7 12. Based on the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential, determine which hypothesis is correct (i.e. which ion channel cGMP binds to). Justify your answer precisely.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to a potassium-channel, that opens and lets potassium ions diffuse outside the cell. These hypotheses and associated experimental setup are depicted in the figure below. Hypothesis A Hypothesis B Hypothesis C Inside of the cell CGMP CGMP CGMP Outside of the cell Na Na Membrane potential (mv) Membrane potential (mv) +50- +30- +10 -10 -30 -50 -70 -80 0 1 +50 +30- +10 -10 -30- -50- -70 -80- 0 1 In the dark (ion channels open) T T T T 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (ms) In the presence of light (ion channels closed) 3 4 5 6 7 2 Time (ms) 12. Based on the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential, determine which hypothesis is correct (i.e. which ion channel cGMP binds to). Justify your answer precisely.
Transcribed Image Text:After establishing the importance of cGMP in the signaling pathway of the photoreceptor cells, the researchers wish to identify the exact target of cGMP. The researchers suspect that cGMP binds to an ion channel, causing the observed change in the membrane potential between the dark and the light conditions but they are not sure which one. The researchers determine the movement of three different ions (sodium, chloride and potassium) as a function of their respective electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane: ● Sodium tends to enter the cell Chloride tends to enter the cell Potassium tends to leave the cell The researchers therefore propose three simple hypotheses for the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential of the rod photoreceptor cell: ● Hypothesis A: CGMP binds to a sodium-channel, that opens and lets sodium ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis B: cGMP binds to a chloride-channel, that opens and lets loride ions diffuse inside the cell. Hypothesis C: cGMP binds to a potassium-channel, that opens and lets potassium ions diffuse outside the cell. These hypotheses and associated experimental setup are depicted in the figure below. Hypothesis A Hypothesis B Hypothesis C Inside of the cell CGMP CGMP CGMP Outside of the cell Na Na Membrane potential (mv) Membrane potential (mv) +50- +30- +10 -10 -30 -50 -70 -80 0 1 +50 +30- +10 -10 -30- -50- -70 -80- 0 1 In the dark (ion channels open) T T T T 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (ms) In the presence of light (ion channels closed) 3 4 5 6 7 2 Time (ms) 12. Based on the effect of cGMP on the membrane potential, determine which hypothesis is correct (i.e. which ion channel cGMP binds to). Justify your answer precisely.
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