(a) Transcription components RNA polymerase core enzyme o subunit NTPS DNA Promoter Gene (b) Template binding and initiation of transcription Coding strand 5' Nascent 5' RNA Template strand (c) Chain elongation o dissociates 5 Growing RNA transcript FIGURE 13.9 The early stages of transcription in bacteria, showing (a) the components of the process; (b) template binding at the -10 site involving the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase and subsequent initiation of RNA synthesis; and (c) chain elongation, after the o subunit has dissociated from the transcription complex and the enzyme moves along the DNA template.

Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter29: Transcription And The Regulation Of Gene Expression
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 3P: Substrate Binding by RNA Polymerase RNA polymerase has t binding sites for ribonucleoside...
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I'm studying Transcription in bacteria, my textbook writes that:

"the holoenzyme “explores” a length of DNA until it encounters a promoter region and binds there to about 60 nucleotide pairs along the double helix, 40 of which are upstream from the point of initial transcription. Once this occurs, the helix is denatured, or unwound, locally, making the template strand of the DNA accessible to the enzyme."

my question is what proteins or factors unwind the helix?

(a) Transcription components
RNA polymerase
core enzyme
o subunit
NTPS
DNA
Promoter
Gene
(b) Template binding and initiation of transcription
Coding
strand
5'
Nascent
5'
RNA
Template
strand
(c) Chain elongation
o dissociates
5
Growing RNA transcript
FIGURE 13.9 The early stages of transcription in bacteria, showing (a) the
components of the process; (b) template binding at the -10 site involving the sigma
subunit of RNA polymerase and subsequent initiation of RNA synthesis; and (c) chain
elongation, after the o subunit has dissociated from the transcription complex and the
enzyme moves along the DNA template.
Transcribed Image Text:(a) Transcription components RNA polymerase core enzyme o subunit NTPS DNA Promoter Gene (b) Template binding and initiation of transcription Coding strand 5' Nascent 5' RNA Template strand (c) Chain elongation o dissociates 5 Growing RNA transcript FIGURE 13.9 The early stages of transcription in bacteria, showing (a) the components of the process; (b) template binding at the -10 site involving the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase and subsequent initiation of RNA synthesis; and (c) chain elongation, after the o subunit has dissociated from the transcription complex and the enzyme moves along the DNA template.
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