A square concrete column in an office building is shown below. The column has cross  section of 400mm x 400mm and supports a total vertical load of 2000kN. Calculate the  direct compressive stress at any point in the column. If the column reduces in length by  3.5 mm, the loading and the column’s original length was 4 meters. Calculate; i. The strain ii. Stress iii. Young modulus in the column.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.