6. Provide a biochemical explanation for the fact that some patients with homocystinuriarespond to vitamin Bo, while others do not.7. In addition to the reaction shown in the metabolic pathway, vitamin Bo participates in aconsiderable number of other metabolic reactions of amino acids. Why does the dailyrequirement for vitamin Be vary according to the amount of protein in the diet?1.

Vitamins are micronutrients. Vitamins are classified as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. Fat…

Answered: 6. Provide a biochemical explanation…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis, Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this 9. b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization: X
8. In patients after prolonged hepatitis, the ALT and AST activities were measured in the blood serum. What transaminase activity is inereased to a greater extent, and why? For the answer: a) explain the meaning of the enzyme diagnostics; b) draw the scheme of reactions catalyzed by ALT and AST; c) point out coenzyme of these reactions; describe vitamin from which this cocnzyme is derived; d) describe the biological importance of this type of reactions in amino acid metabolism; e) specify the demands which are claimed to enzymes been used in enzyme diagnostics.
1. 65 years old woman with low physical activity got the excess carbohydrates (about 400 g daily) for several years. The laboratory value of total cholesterol in serum blood was 260 mg/dl. Why the excess consumption of carbohydrates can cause hypercholesterolemia? To answer the question: a) compare the cholesterol concentration in the serum blood of the patient with the normal range; b) draw the schemes of the metabolic pathways confirming that overeating of carbohydrates can result in hypercholesterolemia; c) draw the scheme of the cholesterol synthesis regulation; d) give your prescriptions for the diet and treatment of the patient.
1. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.
14. The Case against the Liquid Protein Diet A weight-reducing diet heavily promoted some years ago required the daily intake of "liquid protein" (soup of hy- drolyzed gelatin), water, and an assortment of vitamins. All other food and drink were to be avoided. People on this diet typically lost 10 to 14 lb in the first week. (a) Opponents argued that the weight loss was almost entirely due to water loss and would be regained very soon after a normal diet was resumed. What is the biochemical ba- sis for this argument? (b) A number of people on this diet died. What are some of the dangers inherent in the diet, and how can they lead to death?
1. Discuss why a saturated fatty acid like lauric acid has a good anti-oxidant property. 2. Why are the essential fatty acid associated with low incidence of heart disease? Cite some clinical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency. 3. Explain how aspirin can block the synthesis of prostaglandins?
7. Explain the differences between Glycogenolysis in muscle and liver.
1. Discuss the glycogen synthesis. Give the three enzymes required for this process and their functions. 2. Discuss the glycogen degradation. Give the three enzymes required for this process and their functions.
21. The product CREON (pancrelipase) contains 3000 units of lipase, 9500 units of protease, and 15,000 units of amylase in delayed-release capsules. The capsules are to be swallowed whole or the contents added uncrushed to food immediately prior to administration. The dose should not exceed 2500 lipase units/kg of body weight. If a child weighing 24 pounds ingests five CREON capsules, has he exceeded the maximum dose?
1. State if true or false a. Microbial enzymes can digest carbohydrates containing β–1,4 bonds b.Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which is active in skeletal muscles and in the brain, bypasses Complex I and II of ETC resulting to less energy produced compared to malate-aspartate shuttle. c.Insoluble NSP has high water holding capacity and will increase the intestinal transit time of digesta.
11. The most highly sensitive test in viral hepatitis is y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (Y-GT) increased activity in blood, which level riscs 10-15 times more than the norm (30-50 ME/L). What is the diagnostic value of this enzyme? For the answer: a) present the main properties of enzymes which activity determination in patient blood are widely uscd in enzyme diagnostics; b) explain the y-Glutamyl transpeptidase (y-GT) system and present an appropriate scheme; c) give examples of other enzymes which activity is determined in the liver disorders.
7. During several days, Patient A got a meal with high caloric value, and Patient B- with a low caloric value. What are the differences in the lipid metabolism in these two patients? What is the insulin/glucagon ratio in these patients after a meal? Which metabolic pathways rather activated in Patient A and how is it being controlled? 8. The adipose tissuc is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the sclinical obesity and possible conscouences of the discase:

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