6. Provide a biochemical explanation for the fact that some patients with homocystinuriarespond to vitamin Bo, while others do not.7. In addition to the reaction shown in the metabolic pathway, vitamin Bo participates in aconsiderable number of other metabolic reactions of amino acids. Why does the dailyrequirement for vitamin Be vary according to the amount of protein in the diet?1.

Vitamins are micronutrients. Vitamins are classified as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. Fat…

Answered: 6. Provide a biochemical explanation…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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21. GIVE AN ACCOUNT OF 3 - OXIDATION OF SATURATED EVEN CARBON FATTY ACID (PALMITIC ACID) ALONG WITH ITS ENERGETICS AND REGULATION.
11. Write the mechanism of all three enzymatic steps of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, indicating which steps occur in which enzyme (E1, E2, E3) active sites.
17. The prefix glycol comes from the Greek word that means “sweet” and the suffix lysis fromGreek word that means “to loosen” Explain how the meaning of these word parts arerelated to definition of glycolysis.
24. What is the byproduct of cholesterol metabolism involved with digestion and what is its role?
1.Sustaining intense exercise requires ATP. Could a someone with a defective gene for the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase meet the ATP demand for sustained and intense exercise? Why or why not? Be sure to support your argument with discussion of the metabolic pathways and tissues impacted. 2.Genetic carriers for metabolic diseases (persons heterozygous for a recessive mutation) produce about half the normal amount of the affected enzyme, but rarely exhibit any symptoms or effects. Rationalize this observation, based on your knowledge of the flux and regulation of metabolic pathways.
1. State if true or false a. Microbial enzymes can digest carbohydrates containing β–1,4 bonds b.Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, which is active in skeletal muscles and in the brain, bypasses Complex I and II of ETC resulting to less energy produced compared to malate-aspartate shuttle. c.Insoluble NSP has high water holding capacity and will increase the intestinal transit time of digesta.
7. Propose a reasonable pathway to degrade the following amino acid to core metabolic intermediates. Mechanisms are not required, but be sure to include relevant cofactors. Based on your pathway, would this amino acid be glucogenic, ketogenic, or both? *H3N. NH3*
2. Consider a preparation that contains all of the enzymes and cofactors needed for fatty acid biosynthesis from added malonyl-CoA and acetyl- COA. a. If [2-H) acetyl-CoA (labeled with deuterium) H-c-C-COA and an excess of unlabeled malonyl-CoA are added as substrates, how many deuterium atoms are incorporated into each palmitate? What are their locations in the palmitate structure? (Draw an expanded structural formula for palmitate showing the locations of the deuterium atoms (as drawn in acetyl-CoA above). Explain your answer.
7. During several days, Patient A got a meal with high caloric value, and Patient B- with a low caloric value. What are the differences in the lipid metabolism in these two patients? What is the insulin/glucagon ratio in these patients after a meal? Which metabolic pathways rather activated in Patient A and how is it being controlled? 8. The adipose tissuc is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the sclinical obesity and possible conscouences of the discase:
3. β-oxidation of higher fatty acids:3.1. tissue and intracellular localization of the process3.2. activation of fatty acids3.3. mechanism of fatty acids transport to mitochondria with theparticipation of carnitine
5. Ways of cholesterol biotransformation, their tissue localization: 5.1. extracellular (LCAT) and intracellular (ACAT) cholesterol esterification, the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the biological significance of its esters; 5.2. biosynthesis of bile acids, formation of steroid hormones; vitamin D.

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