2. Draw the reactions catabolizing the amino acid valine into isobutryl-CoA, specifically onetransamination reaction (for which you do not need to show the mechanism) and one dehydrogenationreaction (which is analogous to the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction mechanism, and for which youneed to show the mechanism using arrow pushing and including the relevant cofactors). Note: Beyondthe importance of these reactions for human health, this pathway is used industrially in the productionof isobutanol, an important biofuel.NH3SCOAvalineisobutyryl-CoA

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Answered: 2. Draw the reactions catabolizing the…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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cetyl CoA produced from pyruvate: * not depends on the coenzyme biotin. | occurs in the cytosol. involves the participation of lipoic acid. | all of the above is activated when pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH, E1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase stagel de lll 21.02.28
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3.) As mentioned in the March1 outline a critical step in the glycolysis metabolic pathway (conversion for glucose to pyruvate that produces 2 ATP's) is the attachment of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to an isomerase enzyme via an iminium bridge (step1). There is a second step that takes the imine to the enamine that sets up the C-C formation reaction with an enol that you'll cover in two weeks. Show the mechanism for steps 1 (mild acid catalysis) and 2 (draw resonance forms for the iminium cation). In your mechanism, show the intermediate hemiaminal (carbinolamine). Step 2 may address one of the questions asked in Wednesday's class about the water taking out the N-H proton of the iminium cation versus a C-H proton? CH₂OPO3² E-NH₂ + O=C (step 1) CH₂OH Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Iminium (+) cation intermediate (step 2) Enamine (Enol) Intermediate H CH₂OPO32- E-N-C H C. OH H₂O E
19. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions? i C-S-COA CH₂ H₂C-C-OH CH₂ coo W Coo CH₂ C=0 I Acetyl-CoA CH3 x 214 Coo- 1 CH ₂ I CHOH CH3 Y A. Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and y B. Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
3. Answer the following questions about the metabolic pathway shown below: glutamate dehydrogenase e NH3 0-C-C-cH2-CH2-C- 0-C-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O + H,O + NAD + NH + NADH + H (a) Label the correct substances as the substrate, enzyme, and co-enzyme. (b) Which of the six classes does the enzyme of this reaction belong to? Why? (c) What is the name of the first molecule in this reaction? (d) Which metabolic pathway is this reaction likely to be a part of? A. glycolysis B. deamination C. beta-oxidation D. fermentation
11. Write the mechanism of all three enzymatic steps of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, indicating which steps occur in which enzyme (E1, E2, E3) active sites.
36. In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, - an acetyl group is transferred to Coenzyme A to produce acetyl CoA. - only one pyruvate molecule loses one carbon atom with the release of carbon dioxide. - the succinate dehydrogenase complex requires four coenzymes. - electrons are transferred to NADH to produce NAD*.
Fill in the gaps (type your answers in all capital letters): Lactate fermentation is an important pathway, allowing the body to regenerate the co-factor in the absence of (molecule). During the process of cellular respiration, the enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-coA using five co-factors, including |(name one). Acetyl-CoA is a substrate of the ТСА сycle, where tior one acetyl-CoA one of the TCA cycle produces molecules of and 1 molecule of that function as electron carriers.
9
vat *Pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes conversion of pyruvate to medbo which cat oxaloacetate, is a regulatory enzyme activated by acetyl-SCOA.A ms Ido Explain why this control is advantageous to organisms. el pidotes to 316q beisbianoo olovo bios bixdio eda ei ydw ni 169qqs son esob nopyxo 16Iuselom nouods nove mellodstem Slovo od to noijose s zonado nostoals ont To 9300098 opo bias oito any contenos ain't ty dopo of basi sio S OU *While acetyl-SCOA activates pyruvate carboxylase, it inhibits pyruvate kinase. Explain how this is consistent with the idea of 9 complementary control.pе pпiwollot or to doss to slovo bios sitio :eyswdisq otlodsjem E2- noitididat xosdb99t
1. Write down the catalysis reaction and coenzymes of the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex.
Give a clear handwritten answer with explanation....give explanation of each statement...and choose correct statement

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2. Draw the reactions catabolizing the amino acid valine into isobutryl-CoA, specifically one transamination reaction (for which you do not need to show the mechanism) and one dehydrogenation reaction (which is analogous to the pyruvate dehvdrogenase reaction mechanism, and for which vou