**Question 19: Metabolic Pathways and Enzyme Reactions****Which of the following statements is true for the shown reactions?****Reaction Diagram Description:**- **W to X Transformation:** - The molecule labeled **W** (chemical structure: C-S-CoA, CH2, H3C-C-OH, CH2, COO-) undergoes a transformation resulting in the molecule labeled **X** (chemical structure: COO-, CH2, C=O, CH3). - This transformation involves an intermediate which is Acetyl-CoA.- **X to Y Transformation:** - The molecule **X** (chemical structure: COO-, CH2, C=O, CH3) is further transformed into the molecule labeled **Y** (chemical structure: COO-, CH2, CHOH, CH3). - This transformation involves the addition of a Hydrogen (2H).**Option A:**- **Deficiency of oxaloacetate stimulates the formation of X and Y****Option B:**- **Insulin signaling stimulates the formation of X and Y****Option C:**- **Both A and B****Option D:**- **Neither A nor B****Answer:**This question tests the understanding of the metabolic conversions and regulatory factors influencing the formation of intermediary compounds X and Y. The student is expected to apply knowledge of biochemical pathways and their regulation.

The reaction shown in the question is a part of the ketogenesis pathway. When the body has a limited…

Answered: 19. Which of the following statements…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Consider the reaction: H O C—C—C—SCOA H₂C(CH₂)C= CO H H₂C-(CH₂) What kind of reaction is being performed here? b. What enzyme performs this reaction? OH H O O=C -C—C—C—SCOA H H c. What cofactors, if any, are required for this reaction?
Given each set of information which may include common name(s) and the reaction catalyzed, you are required to identify the main class of the specific enzyme described. _____________________1. Name: alkaline phosphataseReaction: a phosphate monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate_____________________2. Reaction: L-threonine = D-threonine.Other information: Inverts both chiral centers, a racemase. _____________________3. Name: glycine-N-acylaseReaction: acyl-COA + glycine = CoA + N-acylglycine_____________________ 4. Name: lysine decarboxylaseReaction: L-lysine = cadaverine + CO2 _____________________5. Name: methanol dehydrogenaseReaction: methanol + NAD+ = formaldehyde + NADH + H+ _____________________6. Name: citryl-CoA synthetaseReaction: ATP + citrate + CoA = ADP + phosphate + (3S)-citryl-CoA_____________________7. Name: D-xylulose reductaseReaction: xylitol + NAD+ = D-xylulose + NADH + H+ _____________________8. Name: cellobiose phosphorylaseReaction: cellobiose phosphate =…
Briefly discuss three (3) reasons why enzyme reactions are better than its chemical reactions counterparts.
For each pair of biomolecules, identify the type of reaction (oxidation‑reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, group transfer, or internal rearrangement) required to convert the first molecule to the second. In each case, indicate the general type of enzyme and cofactor(s) or reactants required, and any other products that would result. A(n) (hydrolysis, oxidation reduction, group transfer, isomerization, internal rearrangment) reaction converts glucose to fructose. This reaction is catalyzed by a(n) (dehydrogenase, isomerase, kinase, phosphatase).
For each pair of biomolecules, identify the type of reaction (oxidation‑reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, group transfer, or internal rearrangement) required to convert the first molecule to the second. In each case, indicate the general type of enzyme and cofactor(s) or reactants required, and any other products that would result. A(n) (hydrolysis, oxidation reduction, group transfer, isomerization, internal rearrangment) reaction converts glycerol to glycerol 3‑phosphate. This reaction requires (ADP and a kinase, ATP and a phosphatase, ATP and a kinase, ADP and a phosphatase).
To what main enzyme class do the enzymes that catalyze the following reaction belong? (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases) H H H. + H → H-C-C-H H H. H H
You are working on an enzyme that obeys standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics. What variable is the V, dependant on if the concentration of the substrate is substantially higher than the concentration of the enzyme? [S] [E] [ES] O [P] O not enough information provided
Question 36 What type of reactions is represented below? CH2OH CH2OH C=0 H-C-OH HO-C-H HO-C-H CH2OH CH2OH O oxidation of a secondary alcohol O oxidation of a primary alcohol O oxidation of a ketotetrose O reduction of a ketotetrose
What general effects would you expect the following changes to have on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction for an enzyme that has its maximum activity at body temperature (about 37 °C/310.15 K)?(a) Raising the temperature from 310 K (37 °C) to 343 K (70 °C)(b) Lowering the pH from 7 to 3(c) Adding an organic solvent, such as methanol
Question 1: Part a: Assume that the standard free energy of ATP hydrolysis is -31 kJ/mol. Assume the following values for the standard free energy changes of the four reactions: HK -16.7 kJ/mol; PFK -14.2 kJ/mol; PGK -18.9 kJ/mol; PK -31.7 kJ/mol. (from bio.libretexts.org). Use these values to compute the standard free energy of hydrolysis (releasing Pi) of i. glucose 6-P ii. fructose 1,6-bis-P iii. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate iv. phosphoenolpyruvate Part b: Which of these four compounds is the strongest phosphoryl donor?______________ Which is the weakest?__________________ Part c: The phosphoglycerate kinase reaction is favorable by -18.9 kJ/mol in the glycolytic direction, as stated above. In gluconeogenesis, this step is simply reversed; i.e. it is not one of the three steps in gluconeogenesis that is driven by using different chemistry than that of glycolysis. How can this be? (Be specific: what specific factors could enable reversal of this step?)
Match the metabolic pathway in Figure:17.7 with the reactions listed on 394.
For each pair of biomolecules, identify the type of reaction (oxidation‑reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, group transfer, or internal rearrangement) required to convert the first molecule to the second. In each case, indicate the general type of enzyme and cofactor(s) or reactants required, and any other products that would result A(n) (hydrolysis, oxidation reduction, group transfer, isomerization, internal rearrangment) reaction converts glycylalanine to glycine and alanine. This reaction requires (NAD+ and a peptidase or protease, ADP and a phosphatase, H2O and a phosphatase, H2O and a peptidase or a protease)

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