5. Summarize the signal transduction pathway. EXTRA- CELLULAR FLUID Signaling molecule (first messenger) G protein DAG GTP G protein-coupled receptor PIP, Phospholipase C IP, (second messenger) IP, gated calcium channel Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Various proteins activated Cellular Responses Ca (second messenger) CYTOSOL

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Q: 9. Consider the signal transduction pathway above. Label the following components of the pathway:…

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Q: Please answer both, thank you

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Q: Second messengers are needed because:

A:

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Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.