### Fatty Acid Synthesis Question**Question**: Assume that the following fatty acid is synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol by fatty acid synthase. Which of the following statements is true?**Diagram Description**:The diagram illustrates a linear fatty acid chain with 16 carbon atoms. The chain is labeled with carbon atoms numbered from 1 to 16. The structure indicates the following features:- The carbon atoms are labeled starting from the terminal carboxyl (COO⁻) group, which is denoted as carbon 1.- The sequence of carbon atoms increases toward the end of the chain, reaching carbon 16 at the other end.**Answer Options**:A. The last two carbon atoms that are added to the fatty acid are carbon atoms #15 and #16.B. Synthesis of the fatty acid needs 8 molecules of NADPH + H⁺.C. Both A and B.D. Neither A nor B.Choose the correct option based on the given fatty acid synthesis pathway and requirements. This question tests your understanding of the synthesis of fatty acids by fatty acid synthase and the utilization of cofactors.

The process of fatty acid synthesis involves several enzymatic reactions and occurs in the cytoplasm…

Answered: 4. Assume that the following fatty acid…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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9. Which of the following statements is/are correct for the shown reaction? A CHg-c-s-col + CO - C-CH₂-C-S-COA A. The reaction occurs in the mitochondria B. The small molecule in box a is GTP C. The reaction is a committed step for fatty acid catabolism D. The reaction requires biotin E. None of the above
8. The structure of citrate is shown below. The carbon atoms in this citrate are numbered 1 to 6. Assume that carbon atoms 1 and 6 are the two carbon atoms to be given off as CO₂ in the citric acid cycle. Which carbon atoms in the shown structure are came from acetyl-CoA? 'COOH 2 CH₂ HO-3³C-COOH I CH₂ 5COOH A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 6 D. 3 and 4 E. 4 and 5 9. Which of the following statements is/are correct for the shown reaction? 回 CHg-c-s-Con + Co A B A. The reaction occurs in the mitochondria B. The small molecule in box a is GTP C-CH₂-C-S-COA -S-COA C. The reaction is a committed step for fatty acid catabolism D. The reaction requires biotin E. None of the above
11. Where inside the cell does the degradation of long-chained fatty acids occur? a. mitochondria b. cytosol c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 12. Which of the following is NOT a product of B-oxidation of a 16-C fatty acid? a. NADP+ b. acetyl-CoA c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 13. Which of the following statements does NOT describe -oxidation of fatty acids? a. It produces larger amounts of ATP than in glycolysis. b. It makes use of the citrate-malate transport system. c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 14. How many cycles of O-H-O-T would it take to complete the B-oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid? a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 15. Which lipid metabolism pathway does NOT involve acetvI-CoA? a. lipogenesis b. ketogenesis c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 16. How is fatty acyl-CoA transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix? a. via CPT I and II b. via citrate-malate transport system c. via lipoproteins d. via albumin 17. Which of the following is irrelevant in…
14. How many cycles of O-H-O-T would it take to complete the B-oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid? a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 15. Which lipid metabolism pathway does NOT involve acetvI-CoA? a. lipogenesis b. ketogenesis c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 16. How is fatty acyl-CoA transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix? a. via CPT I and II b. via citrate-malate transport system c. via lipoproteins d. via albumin
8. The structure of citrate is shown below. The carbon atoms in this citrate are numbered 1 to 6. Assume that carbon atoms 1 and 6 are the two carbon atoms to be given off as CO₂ in the citric acid cycle. Which carbon atoms in the shown structure are came from acetyl-CoA? 'COOH 21 HO-³C-COOH I HCH₂ 5 COOH A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 6 D. 3 and 4 E. 4 and 5
2
38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? A B CH₂-2-CH₂-2-5-ACP A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Он CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP
7. Consider each of the following reactions from the citric acid cycle. Describe the type of chemical reaction/transformation that is occurring. Indicate whether there is any generation of ATP, NADH or FADH2. a. SCOA b. OH
1. A biological chemist has isolated a sizable amount of a compound acetyl CoA. a. Look up the structure of acetyl CoA and provide a structure. b. The chemist then reacts this species with catalytic amount of acid in water to free CoA (coenzyme A). Using the arrow formalism, draw a sensible mechanism for the hydrolysis.
1. Biotin is an essential cofactor for carboxylases that transfer carbon dioxide. Choose one of the enzymes and describe the reaction and the role of biotin 2. Describe and discuss the metabolic roles of coenzyme A (CoA).
2. (Part A) Coenzyme-dependent enzymes can catalyze the general transformations shown below. What would be the best coenzymes to use for the two steps in the scheme, and why? R CO₂H A R SCOA B R R
4. The synthesis of fatty acids and their breakdown by Boxidation occur by separate pathways. Compare the two paths by filling in the blanks below. (Some blanks may require more than one answer.) Synthesis Boxidation Thiol activating group Electron carrier coenzyme(s) Basic units added or removed Cellular location of process in mammals

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