4. The synthesis of fatty acids and their breakdown by Boxidation occur by separate pathways.Compare the two paths by filling in the blanks below. (Some blanks may require more than oneanswer.)SynthesisBoxidationThiol activating groupElectron carrier coenzyme(s)Basic units added or removedCellular location of process in mammals

The fatty acids consist of long chain of hydrocarbons. The catabolism and the anabolism process in…

Answered: 4. The synthesis of fatty acids and…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Similar questions

Prepare a concept map connecting carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. Your map should include shared metabolites, locations, and enzymes. include glycolysis, gluconeogenic, glycogenolysis, glycogenogenesis, Fatty acid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis. Should be all interconnected in the map with location within the cell that they occur and shared metabolites. This is Biochemistry.
2. One role of ATP is to facilitate reactions that would not occur spontaneously. The three phosphate groups are electron rich and tend to repel each other. Therefore, ATP is a bit like a compressed spring, ready to kick off one phosphate group releasing energy. Consider: Glutamic acid + NH3 ---> Glutamine ATP ---> ADP + Pi delta G= 3.4 kcal/mol delta G= -7.3 kcal/mol a. Synthesizing glutamine is endergonic and so not spontaneous. How would having these two reactions occur at the same time (likely by having an enzyme add a phosphate group from ATP to phosphorylate glutamic acid) energetically help with glutamine production? b. What is delta G for the combined reactions? c. Draw a simple energy diagram (showing energy of reactants and products) that shows why the glutamine reaction is not spontaneous. Then draw an energy diagram for the coupled reactions that shows why the combined reaction is favorable. d. Name a few of the biological processes in the body that require ATP?
8. The structure of citrate is shown below. The carbon atoms in this citrate are numbered 1 to 6. Assume that carbon atoms 1 and 6 are the two carbon atoms to be given off as CO₂ in the citric acid cycle. Which carbon atoms in the shown structure are came from acetyl-CoA? 'COOH 21 HO-³C-COOH I HCH₂ 5 COOH A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 6 D. 3 and 4 E. 4 and 5
6
2. Provide a short phrase or word to anwer each of the following: (a) What is the organ where glycogen is stored in humans? (b) What type of enzyme digests carbohydrates? (c) What is the name of the pathway that corresponds to Stage 2 for lipids? (d) Name the pathway that corresponds to Stage 3, assuming aerobic conditions (e) Name the pathway that transforms pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide (f) What is the number of reactions in glycolysis? (g) What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis? (h) Name the product when pyruvate is metabolized anaerobically.
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
In the first cycle of fatty acid synthesis via the acyl carrier protein system, the acetyl group on fatty acid synthase condenses with the malonyl-ACP complex. Draw the structure of the products of this reaction. Respresent ACP by R1 do not include free synthase Be sure to include charges on atoms at Ph=7
2. What is the chemical reaction that lactase catalyzes? Write it below in word form as well as in its chemical equation.
2. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 18 carbons long. Using your diagram from #2 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing enzyme hydrolysis, using lipase.
2. ATP is our energetic molecule of choice! We should think about its structure and how it gets used. What is a substrate level phosphorylation? a. b. Give an example of a substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis again with names, structures, and enzymes. C. Draw out the ATP structure and show me where you can break the bonds and what the product for each reaction would be for a nucleophile R¹8Ö attacking ATP.
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3. The reaction shown below is catalyzed along the pathway of glycolysis by an enzyme with the active site architecture shown. A. The enzyme has two Mg2+ ions, a lysine general base (deprotonated) and a glutamate general acid. In the box below, draw a plausible mechanism for this reaction, which has two formal steps with one intermediate between them (hint: one step uses the general acid and the other uses the general base.) O +(87 -00 11 R-00 00 00 + H₂O OH O Mg2+ Mg2+ Lys (general base) NH₂ OH Glu (general acid) enzyme active site

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