4. The synthesis of fatty acids and their breakdown by Boxidation occur by separate pathways.Compare the two paths by filling in the blanks below. (Some blanks may require more than oneanswer.)SynthesisBoxidationThiol activating groupElectron carrier coenzyme(s)Basic units added or removedCellular location of process in mammals

The fatty acids consist of long chain of hydrocarbons. The catabolism and the anabolism process in…

Answered: 4. The synthesis of fatty acids and…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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7. In the ketone body pathway, both acetoacetate and B-hydroxy butyrate are produced and become additional fuel molecules for the organism. a. Define where these molecules are produced (both tissue type and location in the cell) and what tissue they "feed". b. Of these two molecules, which one is considered slightly better in delivering more energy to the target tissue? Why? c. How does acetone, another ketone body, participate in delivering fuel to target tissue? d. If acetoacetate decarboxylase enzyme was mutated and became inactive (zero enzyme activity), how would this affect the ketone pathway during these conditions: į. immediately after a meal, ii. under starvation conditions, iii. during unchecked (not being treated for) type-1 diabetes.
2. Draw the condensed structural formula for the triacylglycerol made from 3 saturated fatty acids that are 18 carbons long. Using your diagram from #2 as the reactant, draw the full equation (using condensed structural formulas) for this triacylglycerol undergoing enzyme hydrolysis, using lipase.
25. Answer and explain
2a. Describe the structural differences between cellulose and glycogen. 2b. State one structural feature of glycogen accounting for its energy storage role.
2. ATP is our energetic molecule of choice! We should think about its structure and how it gets used. What is a substrate level phosphorylation? a. b. Give an example of a substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis again with names, structures, and enzymes. C. Draw out the ATP structure and show me where you can break the bonds and what the product for each reaction would be for a nucleophile R¹8Ö attacking ATP.
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7. Propose a reasonable pathway to degrade the following amino acid to core metabolic intermediates. Mechanisms are not required, but be sure to include relevant cofactors. Based on your pathway, would this amino acid be glucogenic, ketogenic, or both? *H3N. NH3*
2. Write a more complete reaction scheme for the metabolic process depicted below. Be sure to include the intermediate structure and indicate what enzymes are likely responsible for these metabolic steps. но. H N. CH3 HO CH3 HO OH
11. Hydrophobia. Why is water excluded from the active site of phosphorylase? Predict the effect of a mutation that allows water molecules to enter.
4. Assume that the following fatty acid is synthesized from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol by fatty acid synthase. Which of the following statements is true? 15 13 11 Coo- 16 14 12 10 A. The last two carbon atoms that are added to the fatty acid are carbon atoms #15 and #16 B. Synthesis of the fatty acid needs 8 molecules of NADPH +H* C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
4. The catabolic pathways. Match the figure and the letter. A. Common catabolic pathways. B. Krebs cycle. C. Oxidative phosphorylation. D. Digestion. E. Oxidative decarboxylation. 250 Chapter 5. Catabolism and cellular bioenergetics Fals Starch Proseins Falty acids Glycerine Glucose Aminoacids Pyruvate 2 Acetyl-S-COA COA-SH Co, Tricarboxylic acid cycie NADH H* 02 Cumem
4. The interaction of Vitamin D3 with lipid membranes may be studied using different techniques. One approach is to evaluate its effect on the thermotropic phase transition of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) multilamellar vesicles using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). HO Vitamin D3 (d) Briefly describe another technique you can use to study the interaction of Vitamin D3 with lipid membranes. Include in your answer a sketch of expected results of your experiment.

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