### Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) - Carbon Atom Origins**Question 8: The Structure of Citrate and Carbon Atoms**In this question, we analyze the structure of citrate, with carbon atoms numbered from 1 to 6. We'll also assume that carbon atoms 1 and 6 are the ones released as CO₂ during the citric acid cycle. The goal is to identify the carbon atoms in the citrate structure that originated from acetyl-CoA.#### Structure of Citrate:Here is the structure of citrate with carbon atoms numbered:``` COOH | 2 CH₂ | HO-C-3 COOH | | 4 CH₂ 6 | 5 COOH```#### Given Assumptions:- Carbon atoms 1 and 6 release as CO₂.- Determine which carbon atoms originated from acetyl-CoA.#### Answer Choices:A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 6 D. 3 and 4 E. 4 and 5 #### Detailed Explanation:The two carbon atoms from acetyl-CoA that are added to oxaloacetate form citrate:- **Oxaloacetate** has four carbons.- **Acetyl-CoA** contributes two carbons.- Thus, citrate, composed of six carbons, forms through their combination.Given that carbon atoms 3 and 4 are situated centrally, they are derived from acetyl-CoA.#### Correct Answer:**D. 3 and 4** These are the carbon atoms in citrate originated from acetyl-CoA.### Graphical Illustration- **Citrate Molecule:** The citrate structure is shown with carbon atoms labeled from 1 to 6. This structure is essential in studying metabolic pathways, particularly the citric acid cycle, essential for producing energy in cells. The identification of carbon atoms from acetyl-CoA aids in understanding metabolic tracing and energy production.For a visual representation, citrate can be visualized as a linear chain where each carbon is either part of a carboxyl group (COOH) or a hydroxyl group (C-OH), emphasizing its functional complexity within cellular respiration.

Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle is a catabolic cyclic pathway that occurs in aerobic respiration.…

Answered: 8. The structure of citrate is shown…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The herbicide glyphosate (Roundup®) kills plants. Discuss all the Biochemistry involved as to why this powerful herbicide has little effect on humans.
QUESTION 3 Bioremediation is a branch of biotechnology that employs the use of living organisms to remove toxic substances; such as, mercury, radioactive material, industrial waste, and the petroleum products of oil spills from the water and soil in our environment. Here is a figure that shows the bacterial degradation of the poly-aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene. In this figure showing the catabolic metabolism of naphthalene, would you predict the metabolites catechol, salicylate, and gentisate generated in this process to (select one): Proposed catabolic pathways of naphthalene by bacteria 1,2-Naphthoquinone Coumarin Catechol OH OHL 35-8-8-8-8 OH OH Naphthalene cis-1,2-Dihydroxy- 1,2-dihydronaphthalene 1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene O COOH OH 2-Hydroxy-2H-chromene- 2-carboxylic acid cis-o-Hydroxybenzalpyruvate COOH 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde OH Gentisate COOH
complete the table.
2. Order the following TCA cycle metabolites in the order they appear in the cycle. Not all answers will be used. 1. 2. 3. 4. choices: pyruvate, alpha ketogluterate, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, aconitase, isocitrate, oxaloacetate, fumarate.
Researchers investigated whether the body recognizes sucralose as a carbohydrate. They began by feeding sucralose labeled with 14C to volunteers. Analysis of the radioactive molecules in the volunteers’ urine and feces showed that 92.8 percent of the sucralose passed through the body without being altered. Many people are worried that the chlorine atoms impart toxicity to sucralose. How would you respond to that concern?
19. Which statement is TRUE of sphingolipid synthesis? 1.All of the carbon atoms of palmitate and serine are incorporated into sphingosine. 2CDP-sphingosine is the activated intermediate. 3CO2 is produced during the synthesis of ceramide from palmitate and serine. 4Glucose 6-phosphate is the direct precursor of the glucose in cerebrosides. 5Phosphatidic acid is a key intermediate in the pathway.
8. The structure of citrate is shown below. The carbon atoms in this citrate are numbered 1 to 6. Assume that carbon atoms 1 and 6 are the two carbon atoms to be given off as CO₂ in the citric acid cycle. Which carbon atoms in the shown structure are came from acetyl-CoA? 'COOH 2 CH₂ HO-3³C-COOH I CH₂ 5COOH A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 6 D. 3 and 4 E. 4 and 5 9. Which of the following statements is/are correct for the shown reaction? 回 CHg-c-s-Con + Co A B A. The reaction occurs in the mitochondria B. The small molecule in box a is GTP C-CH₂-C-S-COA -S-COA C. The reaction is a committed step for fatty acid catabolism D. The reaction requires biotin E. None of the above
D Question 27 Observe this disaccharide and choose the FALSE statement CH2OH CH2OH H. H. OH H. H. ОН H. H H. ОН O one molecule of water is released upon formation of this disaccharide O one of the anomeric carbons in this disaccharide has an alpha configuration O the two anomeric carbons of this disaccharide are permanently busy O this disaccharide is a reducing sugar « Previous
1. A biological chemist has isolated a sizable amount of a compound acetyl CoA. a. Look up the structure of acetyl CoA and provide a structure. b. The chemist then reacts this species with catalytic amount of acid in water to free CoA (coenzyme A). Using the arrow formalism, draw a sensible mechanism for the hydrolysis.
3. (a) In Bakers yeast there are two variants of cytochrome c, a heme containing protein of 108 amino acid residues that catalyzes electron transfer reactions in mitochondria. The two forms of cyto- chrome c known as iso-1 and iso-2 cytochrome c differ in 17 of the 108 amino acids. The content of proton dissociable side chains for the two cytochromes c is given in the table below: Side chain pka iso-1 cytochrome c Ziso-1 iso-2 cytochrome c 12.5 3 4.0 4 8.0 4.0 6.0 10.0 9.0 7.0 4.0 Arginine Aspartate Cysteine Glutamate Histidine Lysine Tyrosine -NH3Ⓡ -COOH 1 4 4 16 5 1 1 What is the overall electrostatic charge on each cytochrome at pH 8? (b) To the right is a diagram of the chemical groups in carboxymethyl-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose that are used for ion exchange chromatography to purify proteins. At pH 8 which chromatographic resin has to be used to separate iso-1-cytochrome c from iso-2-cytochrome c from a lysate of yeast cells? If the proteins are separated by application of a…
8. The brick red color formed in a positive result of Benedict's test comes from A. the oxidation of copper ions B. the reduction of copper ion C. the reduction of carbonyl group D. the oxidation of carboxyl group E. the breakdown of glycosidic linkage 9. The following molecule is a но H Н-С—N — С H H H H-N-C -C-0-P-0-C -H H H H H A. triacylglycerol B. steroid hormone C. phospholipid D. o-6 fatty acid E. cholesterol 10. Which of the following statements about nucleic acid is INCORRECT? A. Coenzyme A is a protein, not nucleic acid B. NAD is an example of nucleic acid C. Adenine base is the same in ribonucleotide and deoxyribonucleotide D. Helix is an example of the secondary structure of nucleic acid E. Hydrogen bond can be found in DNA 11. The nucleoside consists of a D-deoxyribose and a cytosine base is called A. cytidine B. deoxycytidine C. deoxycytidylate D. deoxyribosylcytosine E. deoxyribosylcytidine
CH2OH CH2OH 12. What type of linkage is found in this carbohydrate? CH-O CH—0 Н A. a-1,4 В. В-1,4 CH OH CH CH С. а-1,6 D. B-1,6 ОН СН—СН CH-CH CH2OH ОН E. None of these is correct.

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781319114671

Author:

Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781464126116

Author:

David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul…

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781118918401

Author:

Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt

Publisher:

WILEY

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781319114671

Author:

Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781464126116

Author:

David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox

Publisher:

W. H. Freeman

Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul…

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781118918401

Author:

Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt

Publisher:

WILEY

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305961135

Author:

Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9781305577206

Author:

Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological …

Biochemistry

ISBN:

9780134015187

Author:

John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson

Publisher:

PEARSON

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS