**3. Below are abbreviated Haworth projections of 4 sugars. Label the sugars as α or β. Which sugars are anomers of one another? Are these sugars furanoses or pyranoses? Are they hemiacetals or full acetals? What is the difference between hemiacetals and full acetals?****Image Description:**The image contains four sugar molecules represented in Haworth projections. Each molecule is labeled A, B, C, and D.- **A:** A six-membered ring with an oxygen atom incorporated within the ring, five carbon atoms, and hydroxyl groups (OH) attached at various positions. The hydroxyl group on carbon 1 is oriented downwards. - **B:** Similar structure as A with the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 oriented upwards.- **C:** A six-membered ring structure similar to A and B. The hydroxyl group on carbon 1 is oriented downwards.- **D:** Similar to C with the hydroxyl group on carbon 1 oriented upwards.**Explanation:**1. **Anomers:** - Anomers differ at the anomeric carbon (carbon 1), where the hydroxyl group can be in either the alpha (α) or beta (β) position. - Sugars A and C can be anomers, as can sugars B and D.2. **Furanoses or Pyranoses:** - All four sugars are pyranoses, as they have a six-membered ring with five carbons and one oxygen atom.3. **Hemiacetals or Full Acetals:** - These sugars are hemiacetals. Hemiacetals consist of an anomeric carbon attached to both an oxygen atom forming a ring and a hydroxyl group. Full acetals would further require the hydroxyl group to be replaced by another oxygen linked to a carbon.4. **Difference Between Hemiacetals and Full Acetals:** - Hemiacetals contain an anomeric carbon bonded to an -OH group and an -O- group, while full acetals have the -OH group replaced with another -O- group connected to a carbon. Below are three chemical structures of sugars. Label each as D or L, and α or β. Identify which are pyranoses and which are furanoses.### Structure A:1. **Carbon 1 (C1)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).2. **Carbon 2 (C2)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).3. **Carbon 3 (C3)**: Hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen (H).4. **Carbon 4 (C4)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).5. **Carbon 5 (C5)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxymethyl group (CH₂OH).6. Close the ring between Carbon 1 (C1) and the oxygen at Carbon 5 (C5).### Structure B:1. **Carbon 1 (C1)**: Hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen (H).2. **Carbon 2 (C2)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).3. **Carbon 3 (C3)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).4. **Carbon 4 (C4)**: Hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen (H).5. **Carbon 5 (C5)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxymethyl group (CH₂OH).6. Close the ring between Carbon 1 (C1) and the oxygen at Carbon 4 (C4).### Structure C:1. **Carbon 1 (C1)**: Hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen (H).2. **Carbon 2 (C2)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).3. **Carbon 3 (C3)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxyl group (OH).4. **Carbon 4 (C4)**: Hydroxyl group (OH) and hydrogen (H).5. **Carbon 5 (C5)**: Hydrogen (H) and hydroxymethyl group (CH₂OH).6. Close the ring between Carbon 1 (C1) and the oxygen at Carbon 4 (C4).### Explanation:- **Pyranose**: A six-membered ring structure formed by carbohydrates.- **Furanose**: A five-membered ring structure formed by carbohydrates.Analyze

The question is related to the D and L, classification of carbohydrates.D form: If the OH group of…

Answered: 3. Below are abbreviated Haworth…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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a. Is the disaccharide below a non-reducing sugar? yes or no b. The glycosidic linkage in the disaccharide is what β-(1-2) linkage, α-(1-2) linkage, β-(1-4) linkage, or α-(1-4) linkage? c. The products of hydrolysis of the disaccharide (which of the ff.) α-galactose and α-ribose α-glucose and α-fructose α-fructose and α-galactose α-glucose and α-galactose
Describe the important biochemical properties of carbohydrates and why carbohydrates would be considered polar molecules. A▾ B I X @ F 7
VII. Draw the structure of melezitose (either in Haworth or in conformer): a-D-glucopyranosyl- (1–3)-B-D-fructofuranosyl-(2–→1)-a-D-glucopyranoside Is it a reducing sugar?
F 9. In sugars that contain many chiral centers, only the chiral center that is most distant from the carbonyl carbon is designated as D (right) or L (left). Determine which of the structures below are D and L sugars. H-C-OH HIC OH H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Ribose HO C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Arabinose H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH T HO-C-H I H-C-OH I CH₂OH D-Xylose D-Aldoses Five carbons H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H HO-C-H H-C-OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH D-Ribose D-Arabinose D-Xylose D-Lyxose HO-C-H HO-C-H H- H-C-OH CHO IMPORTANT NOTE: most hexoses in living organism are D isomers. Thus, the D prefix is often omitted. DO NOT confuse this with amino acids. Remember that the most common amino acids in living organism are L isomers. L sugars are mirror images of D sugars. H-C-OH -OH 10. Sugars (monosaccharides) can be trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, etc., depending on the number of carbons they have. Determine the number of carbons in the structures above (#9) and determine…
9L.7
6 9 ation V Which of the following is an unacceptable structure of a monosaccharide sugar? A. HOCH2 HO H HO OH OH CH OH OH OA OH OH D C CH₂O ► HOH.C HO Ö OOH H CH,OH HO HC-OH CH₂OH All of the sugar structures given here are acceptable. 16°F Cloudy
pls help with an explanation
What is the systematic name of the cyclic monosaccharide shown here? Be sure to include the structural form as a component of the name. H OH CH₂OH H OH H H OH B-D-glucopyranoside B-D-glucopyranose B-D-glucofuranose Previous Page B-D-glucofuranoside OH -I H Next Page Page 10 of 25
5. + H OH H Кон H X OH Upon acid Almost 30% of the cocoon of the parasitic beetle Larinus maculatus consists of the carbohydrate trehalose. Trehalose was subjected to exhaustive methylation, which hydrolysis, trehalose gives D-glucose as the only product. converts all available OH groups to OCH3 groups; this was and releases the methyl groups from all anomeric carbons followed by mild hydrolysis in acid which breaks the linkage without affecting any other OCH3 groups in the structure. Following exhaustive methylation and subsequent hydrolysis of trehalose with aqueous acid, only one product, 2,3,4,6- tetramethylglucose, is obtained. trehalose? What is the structure of Demonstrate that your proposed structure is consistent with the data presented above. OH
Draw both possible disaccharides of D-psicose and D-mannose that are joined by an α(1→4) glycosidic linkage. Are either of them now a reducing sugar?
19. (a) Use Figure 1 to draw the cyclic ẞ-form of the monosaccharide shown below. CHO CH₂OH HO-CH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH H Z Figure 1 (b) Draw the enantiomer of the monosaccharide shown below. Is the enantiomer a D-sugar or an L-sugar? CHO HO–CH H-C-OH HO-C—H H-C-OH CH₂OH
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