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1. Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an aldose or a ketose? Indicate which sugar is in the D conformation and which is in the L confirmation. Are these sugars enantiomers or diastereomers? H но-н но- -Н Н- -ОН Н- -ОН CH2OH .H I Н- Н- HO-H Но -ОН -ОН -Н CH₂OH =1

1. Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an aldose or a ketose? Indicate which sugar is in the D conformation and which is in the L confirmation. Are these sugars enantiomers or diastereomers? H но-н но- -Н Н- -ОН Н- -ОН CH2OH .H I Н- Н- HO-H Но -ОН -ОН -Н CH₂OH =1

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Below is the transcription of the image text suitable for an educational website: --- **Question**: Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an aldose or a ketose? Indicate which sugar is in the D conformation and which is in the L conformation. Are these sugars enantiomers or diastereomers? **Description**: The image displays two structural diagrams of mannose isomers: - Both structures feature a chain of carbon atoms with hydroxyl (OH) groups attached, indicating they are carbohydrates. - At the top of each structure, there is a carbonyl group (C=O) suggesting that mannose is an aldose, as the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain. - The structures differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the asymmetric carbon atoms. **Structure on the Left**: - Carbon 2: OH on the left - Carbon 3: OH on the left - Carbon 4: OH on the right - Carbon 5: OH on the right **Structure on the Right**: - Carbon 2: OH on the right - Carbon 3: OH on the right - Carbon 4: OH on the left - Carbon 5: OH on the left **Classification**: - The sugar on the left with the hydroxyl group on the left at C5 is the L-mannose. - The sugar on the right with the hydroxyl group on the right at C5 is the D-mannose. **Optical Isomerism**: - These sugars are enantiomers, as they are mirror images of each other at every chiral center. --- This transcription provides a detailed explanation of the isomer diagrams for educational purposes.
Transcribed Image Text:Below is the transcription of the image text suitable for an educational website: --- **Question**: Below are two isomers of mannose. Classify this sugar based on sugar number. Is this sugar an aldose or a ketose? Indicate which sugar is in the D conformation and which is in the L conformation. Are these sugars enantiomers or diastereomers? **Description**: The image displays two structural diagrams of mannose isomers: - Both structures feature a chain of carbon atoms with hydroxyl (OH) groups attached, indicating they are carbohydrates. - At the top of each structure, there is a carbonyl group (C=O) suggesting that mannose is an aldose, as the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain. - The structures differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the asymmetric carbon atoms. **Structure on the Left**: - Carbon 2: OH on the left - Carbon 3: OH on the left - Carbon 4: OH on the right - Carbon 5: OH on the right **Structure on the Right**: - Carbon 2: OH on the right - Carbon 3: OH on the right - Carbon 4: OH on the left - Carbon 5: OH on the left **Classification**: - The sugar on the left with the hydroxyl group on the left at C5 is the L-mannose. - The sugar on the right with the hydroxyl group on the right at C5 is the D-mannose. **Optical Isomerism**: - These sugars are enantiomers, as they are mirror images of each other at every chiral center. --- This transcription provides a detailed explanation of the isomer diagrams for educational purposes.
The image shows a series of six hexose sugar structures. These sugars are classified into aldoses, which contain an aldehyde group, as evident from their structural formulae. Each sugar molecule depicted shows six carbon atoms, where the first carbon is part of a carbonyl group indicated as a double-bonded oxygen (C=O) at the top of each structure. The rows are separated, likely to differentiate between different groups or properties of the sugars such as their stereochemistry. Specifically, it could be used to show diastereomers, as all sugars below are diastereomers of one another. The structures show different configurations of hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the carbon chain, which affect the sugar's stereochemistry (D or L form). Below are the explanations for each structure row-wise: ### Top Row: 1. **First Structure (D-Allose, Sugar #1):** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on the right at C2, C4, and C5, and OH on the left at C3. 2. **Second Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on the right at C2, left at C3 and C4, and right at C5. 3. **Third Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: right at C2 and C5, left at C3 and C4. 4. **Fourth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: right at C2 and C3, left at C4, and right at C5. ### Bottom Row: 5. **Fifth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on left at C2, C3, C4, and on right at C5. 6. **Sixth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: left at C2 and C3, right at C4, left at C5. Key Questions: - Are the sugars aldoses or ketoses? - These structures represent aldoses, as they contain an aldehyde group. - Are they in the D or L form? - They are in the D form, which is indicated by the position of the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon (second last carbon from the bottom). - Which sugars are epimers of D-allose (sugar #1)? - A sugar is an epimer of another if they differ only in the configuration around one specific carbon
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows a series of six hexose sugar structures. These sugars are classified into aldoses, which contain an aldehyde group, as evident from their structural formulae. Each sugar molecule depicted shows six carbon atoms, where the first carbon is part of a carbonyl group indicated as a double-bonded oxygen (C=O) at the top of each structure. The rows are separated, likely to differentiate between different groups or properties of the sugars such as their stereochemistry. Specifically, it could be used to show diastereomers, as all sugars below are diastereomers of one another. The structures show different configurations of hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the carbon chain, which affect the sugar's stereochemistry (D or L form). Below are the explanations for each structure row-wise: ### Top Row: 1. **First Structure (D-Allose, Sugar #1):** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on the right at C2, C4, and C5, and OH on the left at C3. 2. **Second Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on the right at C2, left at C3 and C4, and right at C5. 3. **Third Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: right at C2 and C5, left at C3 and C4. 4. **Fourth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: right at C2 and C3, left at C4, and right at C5. ### Bottom Row: 5. **Fifth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: OH on left at C2, C3, C4, and on right at C5. 6. **Sixth Structure:** - Sequential hydroxyl group arrangement: left at C2 and C3, right at C4, left at C5. Key Questions: - Are the sugars aldoses or ketoses? - These structures represent aldoses, as they contain an aldehyde group. - Are they in the D or L form? - They are in the D form, which is indicated by the position of the hydroxyl group on the penultimate carbon (second last carbon from the bottom). - Which sugars are epimers of D-allose (sugar #1)? - A sugar is an epimer of another if they differ only in the configuration around one specific carbon
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