Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 16QP
A beginning genetics student is attempting to complete an assignment to draw a base pair from a DNA molecule. The drawing is incomplete, and the student does not know how to finish. He asks for your advice. The assignment sheet shows that the drawing is to contain three hydrogen bonds, a purine, and a pyrimidine. From your knowledge of the pairing rules and the number of hydrogen bonds in A/T and G/C base pairs, what base pair do you help the student draw?
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A and B (adnine, cytosine, guanine, thymine)
C and D (G1, G2, G3, G4)
Choose all of the statements that correctly describe the base pairs drawn below.
A
C
H
H-N
-H-N
N-H- -N
B
H
D
موعة Rita
N
-H----
2
NHN
O-
-H-N
H
-H-
N- -H-N
The non-Watson-Crick base pair shown in A is much less stable than the base
pairs shown in B and C, because the smaller size of the two pyrimidine bases
induces a distortion in the structure of the double helix that decreases the
stability of the helix when compared to helices with the normal Watson-Crick
base pairs.
The base pair shown in B is found in BOTH DNA and RNA
The base pair shown in C is found ONLY in RNA and NOT DNA
The base pair seen in B is more stable than the Watson-Crick base pair shown in
C partly because of a larger number of hydrogen bonds and partly because of
more favourable pi-stacking interactions with adjacent base pairs.
draw a strand of DNA 4 nucleotides long (4 nucleotides on each side). Label the 5’ ends, the 3’ ends, the bond that holds the DNA backbone together, the glycosyl bond, and the bond that holds the nitrogenous bases together. You can use “P” to represent phosphate, and ATCG to represent the nitrogenous bases. Please try to draw the sugar accurately and include any unbonded functional groups, including the oxygen within the molecule.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.4 - Two genes associated with breast cancer, BRCA1 and...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2GRCh. 8 - What are Bruces options at this point? Bruce and...Ch. 8 - Should he reconsider and try chemotherapy instead?...Ch. 8 - Should he go ahead and enroll on the chance that...Ch. 8 - Until 1944, which cellular component was thought...Ch. 8 - Why do you think nucleic acids were originally not...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3QPCh. 8 - In the experiments of Aery, MacLeod, and McCarty,...Ch. 8 - Read the following experiment and interpret the...
Ch. 8 - Recently, scientists discovered that a rare...Ch. 8 - List the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and...Ch. 8 - In analyzing the base composition of a DNA sample,...Ch. 8 - The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are: a....Ch. 8 - Adenine is a: a. nucleoside b. purine c....Ch. 8 - Polynucleotide chains have a 5 and a 3 end. Which...Ch. 8 - DNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of...Ch. 8 - Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a...Ch. 8 - A beginning genetics student is attempting to...Ch. 8 - Chemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18QPCh. 8 - RNA is ribonucleic acid, and DNA is...Ch. 8 - What is the function of DNA polymerase? a. It...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is not true...Ch. 8 - Make the complementary strand for the following...Ch. 8 - How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner...Ch. 8 - Nucleosomes are complexes of: a. RNA and DNA b....Ch. 8 - Discuss the levels of chromosomal organization...
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- DNA sequences have an alphabet {A,C,G,T}. How many DNA sequences of length n are there? (Two DNA sequences are the same if one is the reverse of the other).arrow_forwardIn one paragraph, using your own words, describe the structure of DNA. Be sure to include the following terms: nucleotide, phosphate, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.arrow_forwardDraw the full structure of the DNA dinucleotide C-T. Identify the 5′ and 3′ ends of this dinucleotide.arrow_forward
- For a closed-circular DNA molecule of 6,825 base pairs in the fully relaxed form, the linking number (Lk) is: 65 6825 650 700arrow_forwardA compact disc (CD) stores about 4.8 × 109 bits of information in a 96 cm2 area. This information is stored as a binary code—that is, every bit is either a 0 or a 1. how many bits would it take to specify each nucleotide pair in a DNA sequence? how many CDs would it take to store the information contained in the human genome?arrow_forwardWhat are the kinds of unusual structures of DNA you are aware of?List at least four examples. Briefly explain each.arrow_forward
- A single strand of DNA, 24 nucleotides long, with the sequence 5'-TTTCCCgggAAAgggTTTAAAggg-3' is in a test tube. (Note that G's are shown in lowercase, so that your eye can better distinguish them from C's) Other than the appropriate buffer solution, what else needs to go in the test tube to so that we end up with a piece of double stranded DNA, 24 base pairs long, with the above sequence comprising one of the two strands?arrow_forwardDescribe the theoretical structure for deoxyribonucleic acid. Specifically, describe the attributes (features) of the Watson and Crick model for DNA. I cant figure out where to begin this for my homework.arrow_forwardYou have to label the numbers. Then the last two parts are just names.arrow_forward
- How many different 8-mer sequences of DNA are there?arrow_forwardIn 1950, Edwin Chargaff discovered that the ratios of A:T bases, and of G:C bases, in DNA is always 1:1. This discovery became known as Chargaff's rules and was important in helping determine the structure of DNA. The percentages of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) bases in DNA from three species are shown below. Select the best answer for each of the questions. Q1: Does the distribution of nucleotide bases in species 1 and 2 in the table follow Chargaff’s rules? Why or why not? Q2: Based on the information in the table, what is the % cytosine in species 3?arrow_forwardA student has drawn an enlarged portion of a DNA “ladder” model to show two of the nucleotides in greater detail (in the same orientation as they would occur in the ladder model). Which two nucleotides did the student draw?arrow_forward
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