Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 13QP
Summary Introduction
Introduction: It was understood during the 1940s that DNA carries genetic information and it is the transforming factor in bacterial cells. Watson and Crick also began their work on this prospect in the early 1950s.
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How will each of the following substances or conditions affect DNA structure? a. ethanol; b. heat; c. dimethylsulfate; d. nitrous acid; e. 5-BU
Which of the following items do not affect the melting temperature of DNA?
A) length of the DNA
the type of polymerase used to amplify the DNA
(C) salt content surrounding the DNA
D) nucleotide composition of the DNA
E) the type of DNA (genomic versus CDNA)
a. unwinds the DNA helix
b. stabilizes and stops the two strands from annealing (rebinding with
each other)
c. recoils the DNA
d. cleaves both strands of DNA to relieve tension at supercoils
e. places RNA primers at their proper location on the template strands
f. acts as starting points for DNA polymerase
g. adds DNA nucleotides to form new DNA strands
h. forms phosphodiester bonds to join Okazaki fragments
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1. single-strand binding protein
2. helicase
3. DNA ligase
4. RNA primer
5. gyrase
6. DNA polymerase
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.4 - Two genes associated with breast cancer, BRCA1 and...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2GRCh. 8 - What are Bruces options at this point? Bruce and...Ch. 8 - Should he reconsider and try chemotherapy instead?...Ch. 8 - Should he go ahead and enroll on the chance that...Ch. 8 - Until 1944, which cellular component was thought...Ch. 8 - Why do you think nucleic acids were originally not...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3QPCh. 8 - In the experiments of Aery, MacLeod, and McCarty,...Ch. 8 - Read the following experiment and interpret the...
Ch. 8 - Recently, scientists discovered that a rare...Ch. 8 - List the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and...Ch. 8 - In analyzing the base composition of a DNA sample,...Ch. 8 - The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are: a....Ch. 8 - Adenine is a: a. nucleoside b. purine c....Ch. 8 - Polynucleotide chains have a 5 and a 3 end. Which...Ch. 8 - DNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of...Ch. 8 - Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a...Ch. 8 - A beginning genetics student is attempting to...Ch. 8 - Chemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18QPCh. 8 - RNA is ribonucleic acid, and DNA is...Ch. 8 - What is the function of DNA polymerase? a. It...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is not true...Ch. 8 - Make the complementary strand for the following...Ch. 8 - How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner...Ch. 8 - Nucleosomes are complexes of: a. RNA and DNA b....Ch. 8 - Discuss the levels of chromosomal organization...
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- State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of polynucleotide chains b. polarity (running in same direction or opposite directions) c. bases on interior or exterior of molecule d. sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e. which bases pair with which f. right- or left-handed helixarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotide a. I only b. II only c. I and IV d. III and IVarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE?I. DNA replication is a semiconservative process wherein the two resulting double helices consist of one new strand and one parental strand.II. The DNA strand that is used to make a complementary daughter strand is called the parental strand.III. The precursor of each new nucleotide in the DNA strand is a deoxynucleoside 3′-triphosphate.IV. The incoming nucleotide always attaches to 5′-phosphate of the previously added nucleotidearrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding the 5’ vs. the 3’ end of a strand of DNA? a) only double-stranded DNA can have a 5' and a 3' end b) 5' and 3' are designations of the carbon in the deoxyribose of a nucleotide that is not bound to another deoxyribose or phosphate group c) 5' and 3' are designations of the DNA base that is unbound to another base d) The 5' end of DNA is always considered the start of the gene and the 3' end is considered the endarrow_forwardModels of real-world phenomena can reveal important links between structure and function in biology. Describe how the structure of DNA revealed by theWatson and Crick model suggests how it functions in living things.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true about the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick (B-form DNA)? A. DNA forms a left-handed double helix. B. The strands of DNA are parallel. C. The complementary base pairs are held together by hydrogen bonds. D. A complete turn of the double helix occurs after every base pair.arrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following statements about the double-helix secondary structure of DNA is true or false. a. The two polynucleotide strands are complementary rather than identical. b. Bases present extend outward from the double helix. c. Covalent bonding occurs between the two polynucleotide strands. d. The two polynucleotide strands run in the 5′-to-3′ directionarrow_forward(1) A scientist discovers an unknown nucleic acid, they analyze it chemically and discover the following: 22% of the nitrogenous bases contain adenine, 40% contain guanine, 20% contain thymine and 18% contain cytosine. Based only on this information, this nucleic acid must be: a. Single-Stranded DNA b. Single-stranded RNA c. Double-Stranded DNA d. Double- stranded RNA (2) In a double-stranded molecule of DNA which of the following ratios should equal 1? (pick 3) a. A/C b. (A+T) / (G+C) c. (A+G) / (C + T) d. purines/ pyrimidines e. G/C (3) why is DNA replication is said to be bidirectional ?arrow_forwardWhich statement below best describes what these data might have demonstrated to Kornberg about the process of replication? CHOOSE ONE and explain the rationale behind your answer in a minimum of four sentences. A. Products of replication are DNA polymers. B. DNA Pol I-mediated replication is a high-fidelity (i.e., no mistakes) process C. DNA Pol III-mediated replication gives rise to two daughter strands, one which is made of only the original templates, and one of which is only newly synthesized polymer. D. In DNA, all 4 classes of nitrogenous bases are more or less equally represented E. A pairs with T and C pairs with Garrow_forward
- a) Explain the effect of the guanine:cytosine ratio on melting temperature of DNA. b) The Hershey-Chase experiment proved that DNA is the genetic material and not protein. Explain in detatil how this experiment was conducted.arrow_forwardIdentify the statements that describe the structure of DNA. (select all that are correct) A. A DNA double helix contains two sugar‑phosphate backbones oriented in opposite directions. B. Adenine is paired with thymine, and guanine is paired with cytosine. C. Adenine is paired with cytosine, and guanine is paired with thymine. D. The five‑carbon sugar of DNA is called ribose. E. The five‑carbon sugar of DNA is called deoxyribose.arrow_forwardHow Can Fragments of DNA Be Separated From One Another? Agarose gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate DNA fragments based on their sizes. DNA is an acid and has many negative electrical charges due to the negatively charged phosphate-deoxyribose backbone. Scientists have used this fact to modify chromatography to separate pieces of DNA. A solution containing a mixture of DNA fragments of variable sizes is placed into a small well formed in an agarose gel (that has a texture similar to gelatin). An electric current causes the negatively-charged DNA molecules to move towards the positive electrode. Imagine the gel as a strainer with tiny pores that allow small particles to move through it very quickly. The larger the size of the particles, however, the slower they are strained through the gel. After a period of exposure to the electrical current, the DNA fragments will sort themselves out by size. Fragments that are the same size will tend to move together through the gel…arrow_forward
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