Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 5QP
Read the following experiment and interpret the results to form your conclusion. Experimental data: S bacteria were heat killed and cell extracts were isolated. The extracts contained cellular components, including lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. The extracts were mixed with live R bacteria and then injected together into mice along with various enzymes (proteases, RNAses, and DNAses). Proteases degrade proteins, RNAses degrade RNA, and DNAses degrade DNA.
Based on these results, what is the transforming principle?
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Give the name of the enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions:(a) Makes a DNA strand from a DNA template. (b) Makes a DNA strand from an RNA template. (c) Makes an RNA strand from a DNA template
What observation led Hershey and Chase to the conclusion that DNA, not the protein coat, carried the genetic information needed to make new virus or phage particles?
Select one:
a. The cell membrane of the bacteria infected with a virus tagged with radioactive phosphorus exhibited radioactivity after it’s initial cell division.
b. Bacterial cells infected with viruses tagged with radioactive phosphorus were radioactive, indicating viral DNA entered the host cell.
c. The cell was vigorously shaken, causing the protein coats to detach from the cell membrane of the bacteria. The protein coats contain genetic information.
d. Bacterial cells infected with viruses tagged with radioactive sulfur were radioactive, indicating viral protein entered the host cell.
Which statement below is true?
Select one:
O a. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3' to 5', whereas in prokaryotes it is from 5' to 3'
O b. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3', whereas in prokaryotes it is random.
O c. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5' to 3, whereas in prokaryotes it is from 3' to 5'!
O d.
In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the template strand of DNA is read in the template's 3' to 5' direction, while the new strand DNA is
synthesized in new strand's 5' to 3' direction.
O e. Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.4 - Two genes associated with breast cancer, BRCA1 and...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2GRCh. 8 - What are Bruces options at this point? Bruce and...Ch. 8 - Should he reconsider and try chemotherapy instead?...Ch. 8 - Should he go ahead and enroll on the chance that...Ch. 8 - Until 1944, which cellular component was thought...Ch. 8 - Why do you think nucleic acids were originally not...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3QPCh. 8 - In the experiments of Aery, MacLeod, and McCarty,...Ch. 8 - Read the following experiment and interpret the...
Ch. 8 - Recently, scientists discovered that a rare...Ch. 8 - List the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and...Ch. 8 - In analyzing the base composition of a DNA sample,...Ch. 8 - The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are: a....Ch. 8 - Adenine is a: a. nucleoside b. purine c....Ch. 8 - Polynucleotide chains have a 5 and a 3 end. Which...Ch. 8 - DNA contains many hydrogen bonds. Are hydrogen...Ch. 8 - Prob. 13QPCh. 8 - State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of...Ch. 8 - Using Figures 8.7 and 8.9 as a guide, draw a...Ch. 8 - A beginning genetics student is attempting to...Ch. 8 - Chemical analysis shows that a nucleic acid sample...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18QPCh. 8 - RNA is ribonucleic acid, and DNA is...Ch. 8 - What is the function of DNA polymerase? a. It...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is not true...Ch. 8 - Make the complementary strand for the following...Ch. 8 - How does DNA replication occur in a precise manner...Ch. 8 - Nucleosomes are complexes of: a. RNA and DNA b....Ch. 8 - Discuss the levels of chromosomal organization...
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- Which statement below is true? Select one: a. Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication. b. In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the template strand of DNA is read in the template’s 3’ to 5’ direction, while the new strand DNA is synthesized in new strand’s 5’ to 3’ direction. c. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5’ to 3’, whereas in prokaryotes it is random. d. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5’ to 3’, whereas in prokaryotes it is from 3’ to 5’. e. In eukaryotes, synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3’ to 5’, whereas in prokaryotes it is from 5’ to 3’.arrow_forwardBiochemistry: Site-directed mutagenesis, in which individual amino acid residues are replaced with others, is a powerful method to study enzyme mechanisms. In experiments with particular enzyme, various lysine residues were replaced with aspartate, yielding the results summarized in the table below: Enzyme Form: Enzyme Activity (U/mg) Native enzyme: 1,000 U/mg Recombinant Lys 21 to Asp 21: 970 U/mg Recombinant Lys 86 to Asp 86: 100 U/mg Recombinant Lys 101 to Asp 101: 970 U/mg a. What might be inferred about the role of Lys 21, 86, and 101 in the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme? b. Discuss where within the enzyme one might find Lys 21 and 101. Are these residues likely to be evolutionary conserved in this enzyme? Explain c. Is Lys position 86 likely to be evolutionary conserved? Explainarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the processes of the central dogma is/are incorrect? I. Replication occurs only once during the life cycle of a cell. II. The entire sequence of a DNA molecule carries instructions for the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. III. The products of transcription all eventually undergo translation. IV. Transcription and replication both involve the use of RNA molecules. V. The translation of the genetic code is directly based on the sequence of the template DNA strand. O , I, and V O II, II, and V O l and IV O II, II, and IV O Only l is incorrectarrow_forward
- You are studying a bacterial metabolic pathway that results in the synthesis of a product, vitalin, that is essential for survival. In the figure below, each number represents an intermediate product, and each letter represents the enzyme (protein) that catalyzes that step. d 3 e 5 Vitalin Compound 4 > Vitalin You find that bacteria with mutations in either c orf can survive, but a bacterial cell that has mutations in both c and f cannot survive. Which of the following statements explain your observations? Select all that apply. If both genes, c and f, are mutated, then vitalin cannot be synthesized O If gene c is mutated, then vitalin cannot be synthesized The pathway to synthesis of vitalin is branched, and either one can result in vitalin production gene c is mutated, then bacteria can survive by synthesizing vitalin using enzymes f and g Ifarrow_forwardBriefly compare the composition of DNA versus that of RNA. Answer the following questions pertaining to the experimental use of green fluorescent protein (GFP). What is the main advantage of GFP in terms of protein visualization in cells/organisms? Which microscope technique is used to visualize GFP-tagged proteins?arrow_forwardAnswer the following question from the photo below with one paragraph each.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are true regarding the properties of DNA and RNA polymerase. Select all that apply. Both DNA and RNA polymerase synthesize nucleic acid strands in the 5" to 3' direction. Both DNA and RNA polymerase can initiate strand synthesis on their own. I. RNA polymerase initiates strand synthesis, while DNA polymerase depends upon an existing strand to continue synthesis. II. RNA polymerase only uses ribonucleotides for strand synthesis. DNA polymerase only uses deoxyribonucleotides for strand synthesis. V. Au DNA and RNA polymerases from eukaryotes behave very differently from DNA and RNA polymerases found in prokaryotes. O VI.arrow_forwardYou are studying a bacterial metabolic pathway that results in the synthesis of a product, vitalin, that is essential for survival. In the figure below, each number represents an intermediate product, and each letter represents the enzyme (protein) that catalyzes that step. 3 d>5'> Vitalin Compound –"> 1 '> 2 a 4 > Vitalin You find that bacteria with mutations in either c or f can survive, but a bacterial cell that has mutations in both c and f cannot survive. For every mutation, assume that the bacteria have other functional proteins in the pathway. Which of the following mutants can grow on media containing only intermediate 3? Select all that apply. O Mutant f Mutant b Mutant d Mutant carrow_forwardWish of the following statements is true about DNA? a. DNA is the hereditary material in almost all organisms b. The replication of mitochondrial DNA is controlled by nuclear DNA c. Most DNA is found in the mitochondria d. Human nuclear DNA consists of one polynucleotide that carries all e. Mitochondrial DNA controls most of the cell activities Question After using the blender to blend the split peas, water, and salt mixture, cheesecloth is used to ......... a. Filtrate the mixture and precipitate the protein b. Filtrates the contents of the blender to collect the strained fluid for DNA extraction c. Separate the DNA from the protein that folded and protected the DNA d. Collect pure nucleic acid e. Precipitate the nucleic acid acidgenetic informationarrow_forward
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