8. The human diet includes "non-digestible" polysaccharides, or fiber, that can actually bedigested by enzymes produced by intestinal microorganisms. The abbreviated structureof a plant polysaccharide from lettuce is shown below. How many different hydrolasesare required to convert this polysaccharide to monosaccharides?L-Fucα(1-2)IGalß(1-2) Galß(1-2)Xyla(1-6) Xyla(1-6) Xyla(1-6)Glcß(1-4)-Glcß(1-4)-Glcß(1-4)-Glcß(1-4)-21

Hydrolases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of chemical bonds through the…

Answered: 8. The human diet includes…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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1. The Fehling’s reaction, which is a simple assay for reducing sugars, was used as a diagnostic test for the determination of blood glucose concentrations for a very long time. However, it has now been replaced by the glucose oxidase test. The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated from the mold Penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to D-glucono-δ-lactone. This enzyme is highly specific for the β-anomer of glucose and does not affect the α-anomer. In spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose—that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β- and α-D-glucose. Explain how this is possible. Aside from allowing the detection of smaller quantities of glucose, what advantage does glucose oxidase offer over Fehling’s reagent for the determination of blood glucose? 2. Consider only the oxygen levels present in the cytoplasm and ECF as shown in the drawing above (no new oxygen is entering…
5. Shown below are the first steps in the mechanism of a cysteine protease, which catalyses amide bond hydrolysis in a similar manner as serine proteases. (a) Complete this mechanisms, and (b) sketch the approximate reaction coordinate diagram for this catalyzed reaction relative to the uncatalyzed proteolysis. HN N HN cysteine protease
Consider one turn or loop in your Phenylalanine hydroxylase. What are important amino acids that contribute to this partof the structure?
40. Propose that all three carbon atoms in glycerol is labeled with 14C. The labeled glycerol is allowed to undergo metabolism in the genetically modified liver cell, in which the triose phosphate isomerase is no longer functioning. Which of the following are most likely to be true? A. All three carbon atoms in pyruvate can be labeled with radioisotope in the genetically modified liver cell B. All six carbon atoms in glucose can be labeled with radioisotope in the genetically modified liver cell C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B
1. What are the steps that Aconitase facilitates in changing Citrate to Isocitrate? 2. What does the residue Histidene 101 do as Aconitase catalyzes the change of Citrate to Cis-aconitate ? 3. What does the residue Serine 642 do as Aconitase catalyzes the change of Citrate to Cis-aconitate
Which of the following mechanisms ensure that the utilization of dietary nucleic acids is effected? A salvage pathway involving the enzymes HGPRT and AGPRT catalyze the transfer of purines to phosphoribosylpyrophosphate Pyrimidines are incorporated directly to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate. Purines and pyrimidines are synthesized from monomer units which are waste products of metabolism. . Both A and B All of these.
6. Draw the products that would be produced from phospholipase C cleavage of a glycerophospholipid with a phosphoserine head group, an alpha linoleic acid attached to C_{2} of glycerol and a linoleic acid attached to C_{3} of glycerol. Draw these products at pH = 1 . Be sure to number the fatty acid carbons in your products.
Number 8
With one mole each of sucrose, and arginine: 1) rank these molecules in order of increasing energy production, 2) describe the metabolic pathways involved in producing ATP for each molecule, 3) approximate (and explain) and the number of Acetyl-Co A molecules that would be generated from each molecule.
Number 6
Can you please help solve this problem?
Cysteine proteases are enzymes that degrade proteins. You may have heard of some examples of these types of proteins before! Bromelain is an enzyme found in pineapple that is commonly used as a meat tenderizer and is the reason Jell-O with fresh pineapple will not solidify. Cysteine proteases are remarkably similar to serine proteases (like chymotrypsin), except they have a cysteine in their active site rather than a serine. Using the mechanism that we discussed for serine proteases, draw a corresponding mechanism for a cysteine protease cleaving the bond between an alanine-glycine dipeptide. Note that cysteine proteases do not require an aspartate in their active site. Also note that the cysteine is usually in its thiolate form (deprotonated) and the histidine is in its imidazolium form (fully protonated) in the resting state of the enzyme.

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