### Question 14: Biochemical Reaction Analysis**Question:**Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction?**Reaction Diagram:**- **Reactant A:** Chemical structure featuring a ring form with the following key features: - Carbon atoms form the ring. - Hydroxyl groups (OH) attached at specific carbon positions. - Phosphate groups (P-O-CH₂) on either side of the carbon ring.- **Product B:** Similar chemical structure to Reactant A with notable differences: - Rearrangement in the positions of hydroxyl groups and phosphates.**Options:**A. Stimulation of the reaction slows down glycolysis. B. The reaction is the rate-limiting step of gluconeogenesis. C. Both A and B. D. Neither A nor B.**Explanation of the Reaction and Statements:**1. **Glycolysis:** A metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating small amounts of ATP.2. **Gluconeogenesis:** The metabolic process that generates glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, essentially reverse of glycolysis.**Determining the Correct Answer:**- To identify which of the given statements is true, one must have an understanding of the metabolic pathways and the role of the specific reaction shown.- Consider both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulation, particularly focusing on rate-limiting steps and feedback mechanisms in these pathways.**Educational Insight:**This exercise highlights the importance of understanding biochemical pathways and molecular structures. Mastery of this topic is crucial for exploring metabolic regulation and energy production in biological systems.

Glycolysis is the stepwise oxidation of 6-carbon glucose to two 3-carbon pyruvate by 10 enzymes…

Answered: 14. Which of the following statements…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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14. How many cycles of O-H-O-T would it take to complete the B-oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid? a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 15. Which lipid metabolism pathway does NOT involve acetvI-CoA? a. lipogenesis b. ketogenesis c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 16. How is fatty acyl-CoA transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix? a. via CPT I and II b. via citrate-malate transport system c. via lipoproteins d. via albumin
38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? A B CH₂-2-CH₂-2-5-ACP A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Он CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP
4. As stated in your textbook, the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable AG° values, i.e., AG° > 0, both produce a product with high phosphoryl group transfer potential. (ATP formation is not considered here.) Compare the two reactions and describe what the driving force is for both reactions that allows glycolysis to proceed to formation of pyruvate.
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is catabolized to form pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
14. Which of the following metabolic pathways does NOT takes place in muscle cells? A. Tricarboxylic acid cycle B. Glycogenesis C. Glycogenolysis D. Conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA E. Pentose phosphate pathway
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
10. Mention the Clinical Applications of Beta oxidation of fatty acids?
7. In the ketone body pathway, both acetoacetate and B-hydroxy butyrate are produced and become additional fuel molecules for the organism. a. Define where these molecules are produced (both tissue type and location in the cell) and what tissue they "feed". b. Of these two molecules, which one is considered slightly better in delivering more energy to the target tissue? Why? c. How does acetone, another ketone body, participate in delivering fuel to target tissue? d. If acetoacetate decarboxylase enzyme was mutated and became inactive (zero enzyme activity), how would this affect the ketone pathway during these conditions: į. immediately after a meal, ii. under starvation conditions, iii. during unchecked (not being treated for) type-1 diabetes.
7. Complete the scheme for isocitrate dehydrogenase. Name the reactant and product. Draw and name the intermediate. COOH HIC H H-C -COOH HO-C-H COOH NAD(P)* NAD(P) H +H+ CO₂ بر COOH HIC-H HIC-H C=O COOH
3. Answer the following questions about the metabolic pathway shown below: glutamate dehydrogenase e NH3 0-C-C-cH2-CH2-C- 0-C-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O + H,O + NAD + NH + NADH + H (a) Label the correct substances as the substrate, enzyme, and co-enzyme. (b) Which of the six classes does the enzyme of this reaction belong to? Why? (c) What is the name of the first molecule in this reaction? (d) Which metabolic pathway is this reaction likely to be a part of? A. glycolysis B. deamination C. beta-oxidation D. fermentation
11. Write the mechanism of all three enzymatic steps of the a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, indicating which steps occur in which enzyme (E1, E2, E3) active sites.
4. the first two reactions in glycolysis associated with unfavorable AG° values, i.e., AGº > 0, both produce a product with high phosphoryl group transfer potential. (ATP formation is not considered here.) Compare the two reactions and describe what the driving force is for both reactions that allows glycolysis to proceed to formation of pyruvate.

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14. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction? ℗P-O-CH₂ BCH, OH A O MOTHE HOO-P D OH O HO OH CH₂OH B A. Stimulation of the reaction slows down glycolysis B. The reaction is the rate-limiting step of gluconeogenesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B