16. Which of the following statements is true for the shown reaction?C-S-COACH₂H₂C-C-OHCH₂COOSCH3-C-S-COACooICH₂IC=0CH3PA. The reaction occurs in the muscleB. The reaction occurs during ß-oxidationC. To be transported through the blood stream, P needs to associate with albumenD. P can be easily converted to glucoseE. All of the aboveF. None of the above

Acetyl CoA produced from fatty acid oxidation in the hepatic cells has two possible fates:enter TCA…

Answered: 16. Which of the following statements…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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10. Which of the following processes involve release of carbon dioxide? (1) B-oxidation (2) Citric acid cycle (3) Activation of acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA (4) Pentose phosphate pathway A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only C. (2) and (4) only D. (1), (3) and (4) only E. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
2. Draw the reactions catabolizing the amino acid valine into isobutryl-CoA, specifically one transamination reaction (for which you do not need to show the mechanism) and one dehydrogenation reaction (which is analogous to the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction mechanism, and for which you need to show the mechanism using arrow pushing and including the relevant cofactors). Note: Beyond the importance of these reactions for human health, this pathway is used industrially in the production of isobutanol, an important biofuel. NH3 SCOA valine isobutyryl-CoA
2. In contrast to the toxicity of 2-fluoro-citrate, L-(2-fluoro-)succinate is not an inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase and the product 2-fluoro-fumarate is converted by fumarate hydratase to L-(2-fluoro-2- hydroxy)malate that breaks down to oxaloacetate. (a) the FAD coenzyme of succinate dehydrogenase as the normal substrate? Write the reaction with structural formulas to illustrate your answer. Does the oxidation of 2-fluoro-succinate yield the same number of reducing equivalents to (b) droxy)malate, which breaks down spontaneously to oxaloacetate. Write the equation with structural formulas. 2-fluoro-fumarate is a substrate of fumarate hydratase forming only L-(2-fluoro-2-hy- Oxaloacetate has been shown to be a very po- (c) tent inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. For the enzyme 3 isolated from cardiac muscle the Kj value is ~4 x 10-6M, as shown in the L-B plot on the right. Yet, this inhibition is never discussed in biochemistry textbooks. From your reading in the textbook,…
A. 11 Matching the following answers with the statements regarding beta oxidation of a 22 carbon fatty acid. B. 170 D. v Number of acetyl coA produced C. 172 C. v Number of passes through the R-oxidation pathway D. 10 A. v Number of ATP produced B. v Net ATP produced Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. +Do F3 Esc F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FI F2 %23 & 3 4 5 6 080 T. U A S F G H. 6, R
14. How many cycles of O-H-O-T would it take to complete the B-oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid? a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 15. Which lipid metabolism pathway does NOT involve acetvI-CoA? a. lipogenesis b. ketogenesis c. both a and b d. neither a nor b 16. How is fatty acyl-CoA transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix? a. via CPT I and II b. via citrate-malate transport system c. via lipoproteins d. via albumin
38. The shown reaction is one of the four repeating steps during fatty acid biosynthesis. Which of the following statements is correct? A B CH₂-2-CH₂-2-5-ACP A. The small molecule in box A is NADPH + H* B. It is the second reduction reaction during fatty acid biosynthesis C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Он CH3-C-CH₂-C-5-ACP
2. 'a) List the number of NADH and FADH2 equivalents formed and the corresponding number or ATP equivalents generated by mitochondrial oxidation of one molecule of CH3(CH2)12-COSCOA Number of NADH or Number of ATP Enzyme catalyzing the oxidation step FADH, formed ultimately formed B Oxidation Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase B-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Citric acid cycle Isocitrate dehydrogenase a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Succinyl-CoA synthetase Succinate dehydrogenase Malate dehydrogenase Total "These calculations assume that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation produces 1.5 ATP per FADH2 oxidized and 2.5 ATP per NADH oxidized. "GTP produced directly in this step yields ATP in the reaction catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (p. 516). For all of the questions below, assume that respiratory activity of mitochondria is supported by CH3(CH2)12-COSCOA in the presence of excess ADP (+ P). (b) How many ATP equivalents will be generated in the presence of the inhibitor rotenone? Give a…
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is catabolized to form pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
2. (Part A) Coenzyme-dependent enzymes can catalyze the general transformations shown below. What would be the best coenzymes to use for the two steps in the scheme, and why? R CO₂H A R SCOA B R R
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
7. In the ketone body pathway, both acetoacetate and B-hydroxy butyrate are produced and become additional fuel molecules for the organism. a. Define where these molecules are produced (both tissue type and location in the cell) and what tissue they "feed". b. Of these two molecules, which one is considered slightly better in delivering more energy to the target tissue? Why? c. How does acetone, another ketone body, participate in delivering fuel to target tissue? d. If acetoacetate decarboxylase enzyme was mutated and became inactive (zero enzyme activity), how would this affect the ketone pathway during these conditions: į. immediately after a meal, ii. under starvation conditions, iii. during unchecked (not being treated for) type-1 diabetes.
7. Complete the scheme for isocitrate dehydrogenase. Name the reactant and product. Draw and name the intermediate. COOH HIC H H-C -COOH HO-C-H COOH NAD(P)* NAD(P) H +H+ CO₂ بر COOH HIC-H HIC-H C=O COOH

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