23. In the metabolic pathway, what will happen if youcreate a bacterium X that carries a mutation makingenzyme III inactive? Assuming each bacterium onlycarries a single copy of the gene for each enzyme.Enzyme Enzyme Enzyme EnzymeA- B CIVX will require external source of C to survive.The culture medium of X will have a lot of molecule BC. Culture filtrate of X will allow another mutant with adefective enzyme II to grow.DX cannot make enzyme IV.X can still make E from A.

The Metabolic Pathway: The image shows a metabolic pathway where enzymes I, II, III, and IV…

Answered: 23. In the metabolic pathway, what will…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS: There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s....

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There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (VCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes VCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from VCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. How can a prion replicate itself without genetic material?
Recently, scientists discovered that a rare disorder called polkadotism is caused by a bacterial strain, polkadotiae. Mice injected with this strain (P) develop polka dots on their skin. Heat-killed P bacteria and live D bacteria, a nonvirulent strain, do not produce polka dots when injected separately into mice. However, when a mixture of heat-killed P cells and live D cells were injected together, the mice developed polka dots. What process explains this result? Describe what is happening in the mouse to cause this outcome.
20. The image above reveals two bacterial cells in the process of A. cell lysis B. transduction C. conjugation D. transformation -NAM-NAG-NAM-NAG D-Glu D-Ala D/ Transpeptidase D-Ala DAP T 1 D-Ala D-Glu L-Ala NAG-NAM-NAG-NAM FYRET E. budding K 21. Modification of the enzyme pictured (above) might result in resistance to A. quinolone B. streptomycin C. chloramphenicol D. penicillin E. trimethoprim
Beta-lactam antibiotics work by? O A. cleaving peptide side chains O B. preventing cross-linking of the peptide side chains by transpeptidase O C. cleaving the 1,4 beta-glycosidic bond between the NAM and NAG © D. inhibiting the action of bactoprenol O E. preventing peptidoglycan from being flipped to the external side of the plasma membrane
4). Mutants unable to synthesize an essential compound G were tested with related compounds D, E, and F. The results are summarized below, where + indicates growth, and 0 indicates no growth. Mutants 1 2 3 4 D 0 0 0 Compounds E 0 INAAL F 0 0 INAY a). What is the order of gene action in the biosynthetic pathway? G
10. The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to make uracil from simpler compounds (biosynthesis). A scientist doing research on pyrimidine biosynthesis isolated four mutant strains of yeast that were unable to make their own uracil. These strains are called ura- mutants. To determine if the different strain had mutations in the same gene, or in different genes, she performed complementation tests. She mated all of the strains in all of the possible combinations, and then determined if the hybrids had a ura- phenotype, or if they were normal wild type. The results are given in the table below. A "-" means that when the two strains were mated, their hybrid was still ura-. A “+” means that when the two strain were mated, their hybrid was normal wild type and able to make its own uracil. strain 1 strain 2 strain 3 strain 4 strain 1 strain 2 + strain 3 + strain 4 + + + A. How many different genes are represented by these mutant strains? B. Which mutant strains have mutations in…
Conjugation results in the transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells, but only occurs if one bacterial cell is O F+ Conjugated Transformed O F-
HIV protease inhibitors have structures similar to the substrate. They decrease the activity of HIV protease by OA. competitive inhibition allosteric control O B. OC genetic control covalent modification O D.
3. Fill in the missing molecules or required cofactors. b) PLP @NH₂ 2 H₂N h) SH Joo NAD+ COASH TPP NAD+ FAD OH O H₂N of i h H₂N .OH НО. HO NH₂ NH₂ HO HO 4. Draw the branch point A nucleotide and all connected nucleotides of a canonical splice reaction after the A has carried out its nucleophilic attack on the 3' splice site.
1. Imagine you are a student in Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's lab in the late 1940s. You are given five test tubes containing E. coli bacteria infected with T2 bacteriophages that have been labeled with either ³2P or ³5S. Unfortunately, you forgot to mark the tubes and are uncertain about which were labeled with 32P and which with ³5S. You place the contents of each tube in a blender and turn it on for a few seconds to shear off the phage protein coats. You then centrifuge the contents to separate the protein coats and the cells. You check for the presence of radioactivity and obtain the following results. Which tubes contained E. coli infected with 32P- labeled phage? Explain your answer. Tube number 1 2 3 4 5 Radioactivity present in Cells Protein coats Protein coats Cells Cells
Antisense therapeutics are important because: Select one: O a. They only act at the ribosome O b. They can be easily delivered to their sight of activity after systemic administration They can be found in large quantities in the Golgi O c. O d. They hybridise to the antisense strand of a DNA transcript Oe. They are being use as a routinely administered medicine Ribozymes are good candidates as molecular therapeutics because Select one: O a. They are more stable than DNA is body fluids Ob. They can easily cross biological barriers with out the aid of a drug delivery system Oc. They retain secondary structure that may point to an evolutionary link between RNA and protei They are more stable than many proteins in body fluids They can be encoded into a plasmid and delivered as a DNA based construct give both answer only with little bit explanation Asap Thanks d. O e.
1. Four genes (A,B,C,D) of a bacterium code for four enzymes (A,B,C,D), which act sequentially to catalyze the production of compound D, as follows. enzyme A enzyme B enzyme C enzyme D precursor -----> compound A -----> compound B -----> compound C -----> compound D A number of mutant strains of the bacterium are isolated, which grow only on supplemented media, as outlined below. Medium supplemented with Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Strain 1 No growth No growth Growth Growth Strain 2 No growth Growth Growth Growth Strain 3 No growth No growth No growth Growth a. The mutation in strain 1 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓ b. The mutation in strain 2 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓ c. The mutation in strain 3 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓

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