DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
1. How are proteins influenced by mutations in a DNA sequence?
1A: what happens if DNA has a one base mutation in its squence?
Provide an example as well
INTRODUCTION:- A mutation is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.Some mutations affect large section of DNA,and other s only affect certain parts along the DNA strand. A point mutation is a type of mutation in DNA or RNA.
Types of point mutations:- 1.Substitution;-Mutation occurs when one base pair is substituted for another.
2.Insertion and deletion:- In this mutation extra base pair is added to a sequence of bases.
In deletion mutation a base pair is deleted from the sequence.
1A;- Insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides during replication can also lead to another type of mutation called frame shift mutation.The outcome of this mutation is complete alteration of the amino acid sequence of a protein This alteration occurs during translation because ribosomes read the mRNA strand in terms of codons,or groups of three nucleotides.
EX:- AUG AAA CUU CGC AGG AUG AUG AUG
5 corresponds to a protein made of the following amino acids
Methionine-Lysine-Leucine-Arginine-Arginine-Methionine-Methionine-Methionine.
Now suppose mutation occurs during replication,and it results in deletion of the 4th nucleotide in the sequence
AUG AAC UUC GCA GGA UGA UGA UG
Following sequence of amino acids are
Methionine-Asparagine-Phenylalanine-Alanine-Glycine-STOP-STOP.
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