18. While studying a human patient with hemophilia, you have discovered that the second exon of the gene is interrupted by a 2-kb long sequence which has inverted repeats at the ends. Which of the following is true about this mutation? a. It is likely to be caused by integration of an RNA transposon c. It is equally likely to be caused by integration of a DNA or RNA transposon d. It is likely caused by a replication error e. It is likely caused by unequal crossing over

18. While studying a human patient with hemophilia, you have discovered that the second exon of the gene is interrupted by a 2-kb long sequence which has inverted repeats at the ends. Which of the following is true about this mutation? a. It is likely to be caused by integration of an RNA transposon c. It is equally likely to be caused by integration of a DNA or RNA transposon d. It is likely caused by a replication error e. It is likely caused by unequal crossing over

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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30. How can one identify the presence of introns in a hybrid of DNA and mRNA? Give an example of non-coding RNA and a regulatory DNA element.
14) Do the cDNA libraries generated from a mouse brain and a mouse liver contain ALL of the same DNA sequences? Why or why not?
21. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) mutations are rarely fatal. Which of the following is not an explanation of this fact? a. only about 2 % of the human genome codes for proteins b. many genes are not expressed in most cells c. there are two copies of a gene present d. most SNPS do not code for an extremely important part of a protein e. all of the preceding are satisfactory explanations as to why SNPS are rarely fatal.
3a. Select all the correct types of RNA that are both the product of transcription and are also translated in the cytoplasm. ☐ snRNAs ☐ pre-tRNAs ☐ rRNA ☐ tRNA ☐ miRNA ☐ mRNA 3b. The ribozyme found in the ribosome catalyzes ... (which of the following?) a. the synthesis of pre-mRNA as part of the transcription process. b. the formation of the peptide bond. c. the association between the large and small ribosomal subunits. d. a reaction that uses RNA as a substrate.
1. Determine the approximate number of amino acids that would be missing in the telomerase protein of a person who has the autosomal form of dyskeratosis congenita in which a segment of the normal gene has been deleted. b. In some patients with autosomal dyskerptosis congenita , the disorder is caused by one or two nitrogen base substitutions that change the sequence of the DNA the telomerase gene. Describe what would happen to the etlomerase protein if a triplet of the telomerase gene that was normally ACC mutated to become ACT Explain your answer. c. i Identify a field of research, other than days keratosis congenita , that could use knowledge gained about telomerase and telomeres . Explain how this information might be used. c. ii Evaluate how this research could affect either an individual or society. Include one potential advantage and one potential disadvantage in your evaluation.
1. You are studying a variant in a gene controlling wing development, Wng, in Drosophila. Using analysis software, you can see that the variant changes the protein product’s amino acid sequence, but homozygotes for this variant express a WNG protein that functions normally. Which term best describes the effect of this variant? conditional mutation gain of function mutation loss of function mutation neutral mutation synonymous mutation 2. In base excision repair, Photolyase breaks bonds between pyrimidines & Purines Single-stranded binding proteins are used to stabilize the unwound helix. Mut H recognizes the demythylated state, and removes the base DNA Glycolase removes the damaged nitrogenous base 3. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of individual chromosomes. Which of the following is not an example of aneuploidy? Nullisomy Trisomy Monosomy Polysomy Tetrasomy
2. Define each of these processes that are essential to the formation of a protein. a. Transcription b. Translation translation is the process of generating polypeptide using the information carried on an MRNA molecule. 3. Complete the table to summarize each process Process Template Product Synthesized Location in Eukaryotic Cell Transcription Translation 4. Write the central dogma of molecular genetics, as proclaimed by Francis Crick? 5. How many nucleotide bases are there? 6. How many amino acids? (Hint: look at page 77 of your book) 7. DNA is double stranded, but for each protein, only one of these two strands is used to produce an MRNA transcript. What is the strand called? 8. Here is a short DNA template. Below it, assemble the complementary MRNA strand. Recall that DNA-DNA, DNA-RNA, and RNA-RNA strand interactions are antiparallel. This means Vour MRNA strand will run 5' to 3'
b. Now do this AGAIN assuming that the DNA and RNA templates are read right to left. DNA strand C DNA strand T G A MRNA codon C|A U TRNA anticodon G A polypeptide TRP
Complete the following sentence: Transcription of DNA by RNA polymerase II synthesises microRNA precursor transcript in: A. either the 3′ to 5′ direction or the 5′ to 3′ direction depending on the orientation of the gene B. a discontinuous fashion. C. the 3′ to 5′ direction. D. both the 3′ to 5′ direction and the 5′ to 3′ direction simultaneously E. the 5′ to 3′ direction.
8. The following diagram represents the Christmas-tree-like structures during transcription. On the diagram, identify parts a. through g. DNA molecule RNA molecules transcribed from DNA 5' and 3' ends of the template strand of DNA 5' and 3' ends of at least one RNA molecule Direction of movement of the transcription apparatus on the DNA molecule d. Approximate location of the promoter a. b. С.
1. Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION). Adenine nucleotide (A shown in red below) was inserted into the DNA sequence at the position indicated by the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?) A 3' TACATGG'TTGTGCTAATT 5'
8. Which of the following gene mutations is most likely to affect correct protein production? The boxes are the exons and the lines are the introns in the gene a. b. C. d. Site 1 Site 2 Explain WHY. 1+ Site 3 Site 4 a two base-pair deletion at Site 1 that removes two "G-C" nucleotide pairs from the gene sequence a single base-pair substitution at Site 2 that changes a tyrosine-encoding amino acid (TAC) to a stop codon (TAA) a single base-pair substitution at Site 3 that changes one alanine-encoding codon (GCC) to another (GCA) a single base-pair insertion at Site 4 that shifts the reading frame for subsequent codons