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1. Where was Rome located? 2. How did Rome grow in size? 3. Which body of water helped merchants trade their goods? 4. From whom did the Romans borrow many of their ideas about literacy, religion, and architecture? 5. What allowed Rome to be a powerful force in the ancient world? 6. What effect did the Punic Wars have on Rome's dominance over other regions? 7. How did the Punic Wars impact the plebeians? 8. How did the Punic Wars impact the patricians? 9. What is the geographic feature of Rome? 10. How did geographic factors made it possible for the Romans to unite the Italian peninsula?

1. Where was Rome located? 2. How did Rome grow in size? 3. Which body of water helped merchants trade their goods? 4. From whom did the Romans borrow many of their ideas about literacy, religion, and architecture? 5. What allowed Rome to be a powerful force in the ancient world? 6. What effect did the Punic Wars have on Rome's dominance over other regions? 7. How did the Punic Wars impact the plebeians? 8. How did the Punic Wars impact the patricians? 9. What is the geographic feature of Rome? 10. How did geographic factors made it possible for the Romans to unite the Italian peninsula?

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Rome was originally a small town on the banks of the Tiber River and grew in size and strength early on, through trade. The location of the city near the Mediterranean Sea provided merchants with an easily navigable waterway on which to traffic their goods. Greek culture and civilization, which came to Rome via Greek colonies to the south, provided the early Romans with a model on which to build their own culture. From the Greeks they borrowed literacy and religion, as well as their architecture. The Etruscans, to the north, provided a model for trade and urban luxury. Early on, the Romans showed a talent for borrowing and improving upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. The Kingdom of Rome grew rapidly from a trading town to a prosperous city between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE. Though Rome owed its prosperity to trade in the early years, it was war which would make the city a powerful force in the ancient world. The wars with the North African city of Carthage (known as the Punic Wars, 264-146 BCE) consolidated Rome's power and helped the city grow in wealth and prestige. Rome and Carthage were rivals in trade in the Western Mediterranean and, with Carthage defeated, Rome held almost absolute dominance over the region. As the Republic of Rome grew in power and prestige, the city of Rome began to suffer from the effects of corruption, greed and the over-reliance on foreign slave labor. Gangs of unemployed Romans, put out of work by the influx of slaves brought in through territorial conquests, hired themselves out as thugs to do the bidding of whatever wealthy Senator would pay them. The wealthy elite of the city, the Patricians, became ever richer at the expense of the working lower class, the Plebeians. In the 2nd century BCE, the Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, two Roman tribunes, lead a movement for land reform and political reform in general. Though the brothers were both killed in this cause, their efforts did spur reforms. Excerpt adapted by New Visions from Ancient Rome by Joshua J. Mark which is published on Ancient History Encyclopedia under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license. 1. Where was Rome located? 2. How did Rome grow in size? 3. Which body of water helped merchants trade their goods? 4. From whom did the Romans borrow many of their ideas about literacy, religion, and architecture? 5. What allowed Rome to be a powerful force in the ancient world? 6. What effect did the Punic Wars have on Rome's dominance over other regions? 7. How did the Punic Wars impact the plebeians? 8. How did the Punic Wars impact the patricians? 9. What is the geographic feature of Rome? 10. How did geographic factors made it possible for the Romans to unite the Italian peninsula?
Transcribed Image Text:Rome was originally a small town on the banks of the Tiber River and grew in size and strength early on, through trade. The location of the city near the Mediterranean Sea provided merchants with an easily navigable waterway on which to traffic their goods. Greek culture and civilization, which came to Rome via Greek colonies to the south, provided the early Romans with a model on which to build their own culture. From the Greeks they borrowed literacy and religion, as well as their architecture. The Etruscans, to the north, provided a model for trade and urban luxury. Early on, the Romans showed a talent for borrowing and improving upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. The Kingdom of Rome grew rapidly from a trading town to a prosperous city between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE. Though Rome owed its prosperity to trade in the early years, it was war which would make the city a powerful force in the ancient world. The wars with the North African city of Carthage (known as the Punic Wars, 264-146 BCE) consolidated Rome's power and helped the city grow in wealth and prestige. Rome and Carthage were rivals in trade in the Western Mediterranean and, with Carthage defeated, Rome held almost absolute dominance over the region. As the Republic of Rome grew in power and prestige, the city of Rome began to suffer from the effects of corruption, greed and the over-reliance on foreign slave labor. Gangs of unemployed Romans, put out of work by the influx of slaves brought in through territorial conquests, hired themselves out as thugs to do the bidding of whatever wealthy Senator would pay them. The wealthy elite of the city, the Patricians, became ever richer at the expense of the working lower class, the Plebeians. In the 2nd century BCE, the Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, two Roman tribunes, lead a movement for land reform and political reform in general. Though the brothers were both killed in this cause, their efforts did spur reforms. Excerpt adapted by New Visions from Ancient Rome by Joshua J. Mark which is published on Ancient History Encyclopedia under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license. 1. Where was Rome located? 2. How did Rome grow in size? 3. Which body of water helped merchants trade their goods? 4. From whom did the Romans borrow many of their ideas about literacy, religion, and architecture? 5. What allowed Rome to be a powerful force in the ancient world? 6. What effect did the Punic Wars have on Rome's dominance over other regions? 7. How did the Punic Wars impact the plebeians? 8. How did the Punic Wars impact the patricians? 9. What is the geographic feature of Rome? 10. How did geographic factors made it possible for the Romans to unite the Italian peninsula?
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