1. **Overall, what do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport do?** (Know starting materials and products.) Explain very briefly how energy stored in glucose is converted into energy stored in ATP. Where are oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, water, and ATP involved, and how do they relate to each other? Where is the *most* number of ATP produced?2. **Account for the 6 Carbons in glucose.** In other words, where do the 6 carbons in glucose end up?3. **When is fermentation used instead of cellular respiration?** How does this apply to humans? Know the industrial uses of fermentation.4. **What is ATP synthase do?** Where is it located?5. **How are oxygen and carbon dioxide related to the function of the mitochondria?** Why do we REALLY need to breathe? (Hint: where does CO₂ come from? Where is O₂ used?)6. **Know how cyanide stops cellular respiration.**

Name: 1. **Overall, what do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron trans
Uploaded: 2024-03-20T06:42:55.000Z
Channel: Bartleby
Description: 1. **Overall, what do glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport do?** (Know starting materials and products.) Explain very briefly how energy stored in glucose is converted into energy stored in ATP. Where are oxygen, carbon dioxide, gluco

Cellular respiration is defined as the process of cell catabolism. In this catabolic process, cells will turn the food into energy to perform cellular functions.(1) The overall role of glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system is ATP's formation or production. Thus, these three processes are involved in the process of cellular respiration of food for energy production, which will be further utilized for various activities taking place in a cell. The molecule of glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in oxygen (aerobic respiration). During this process, the energy which is stored in glucose will be transferred or sent to ATP. The bonds between the phosphate groups present in the ATP molecule stores energy. On breaking ATP into ADP and inorganic phosphate, energy will be released. Thus, oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, water, and ATP are involved in cellular respiration for energy production. Most number of ATP is produced in the mitochondria of the cell. (2) During glycolysis, the 6-carbon in glucose will split up and form 2 molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid, which results in 2 molecules of ATP and NADH. (3) During the lack or absence of oxygen, fermentation is used instead of cellular respiration leading to an incomplete breakdown of sugar and less energy generation. In humans, at the time of exercise or workout body needs additional energy. Therefore, muscle cells use fermentation to generate extra energy. Industrial uses of fermentation are: (a) It is used in the food industry, such as bread, cheese, wine, etc. (b) It is used for making ethanol fuel by using common crops such as sugar cane, potatoes are fermented by using yeast to produce ethanol, which undergoes processing to become fuel. (c) In sewage treatment, sewage is digested using enzymes secreted by bacteria in the absence of oxygen.(4) The ATP synthase catalyzes the synthesis or production of ATP by using ADP and phosphate. Thus, it is responsible for converting the protons' energy, moving down their concentration gradient into the ATP synthesis. ATP synthase is localized in mitochondria. (5) Mitochondria function is to generate energy, that is, ATP. ATP is produced by breaking down the glucose molecule in oxygen into carbon dioxide and water, and without carbon dioxide, plants cannot make oxygen. Therefore, the activity of mitochondria depends on oxygen and carbon dioxide. On breathing, we take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, which is essential for cellular respiration and, thus, an organism's survival. (6) Cyanide will act as an irreversible enzyme inhibitor, which will prevent cytochrome C oxidase from transporting electrons to the oxygen present in the electron transport chain (ETC) of the aerobic cellular respiration.Thus, it can be conferred that cellular respiration is very important for the cell to grow and survive.