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PHL 218 Module Four Short Paper Template Focus: Social Justice/Human Rights Theme: Gender Equity Part One: Gender Pay Gap The gender wage gap historically refers to pay inequalities between men and women doing the same work. Gender equity is surrounded by principles and values that look at ethical issues in order to make decisions. Each ethical framework can describe different ways one views the situation to reach a resolution. So the steps taken to reach an outcome can be determined on different perspectives. While each individual may have a view of their own, those differences, in this topic in general, come from the man’s perspective as a whole and the woman’s perspective as a whole. The ethical frameworks that have influenced historical decision making regarding gender pay gaps were those defending the woman’s perspective or elevating a woman’s worth. According to history and statistics on gender and income inequality, although the Equal Pay for Equal Work movement became a political issues in the 1860’s, the pay gap didn’t begin to narrow down until Congress passed the Equal Pay Act in 1963. This influenced historical decision making over the years with the Civil Rights Act addressing the wage gap in 1964, followed by pay equity becoming a topic of conversation in the 1970’s and 1980’s. By the early 2000’s other acts were introduced and passed, including The Paycheck Fairness Act that was recently passed by the House in 2021. It called for enforcement and antidiscrimination laws as well as penalties for violators. Additionally, President Biden signed an executive order in 2023 to close wage gaps which also encourages private companies to do the same. Ethical decision-making on gender equity can help to make a business better and make them more money. As Carosella (2020) states, “Research shows that inclusive teams make

better business decisions up to 87% of the time, and that teams with less diversity are more likely to make poor choices for their companies”. I personally think that businesses like this tend to identify their biases in order to be more inclusive which helps them make decisions without bias. They can find resolutions blindly without the thought of who they are doing business with based on their gender, race, age, etc. Part Two: Reflect My cultural traditions growing up have always been about respect, equality and fairness. I was raised in a household with 2 working parents where the woman was the bigger bread winner that the man. My father had to quit college to help run his father’s struggling car business and my mother worked for the government since graduating high school. While none were college graduates, my mom excelled and advanced in her job throughout the years while my father struggled to pay staff before bringing home any pay. I respected both of their hustles equally. My mother got far in her job without a college education. However, I know she could have achieved more or had higher pay with a degree to back it. My father wanted a college education, but his family morals and values was to support the family business and his immigrant father who fought so hard to provide a good life for him. These cultural influences shaped my morals and values to help me evaluate the ethical aspects in possible outcomes. Assessing the background stories and perspectives will help me to reflect on this process. Statistics today still show that women get paid less than men. However, I never looked at my family like the traditional way society perceives a man and woman to be where the man is more successful or makes more money than the woman. I was also exposed to friends with an opposite dynamic in their homes or where the woman was at home performing unpaid labor. Therefore, I have a cultural bias to have that perception of a man and woman being on even

playing fields as they can both go in either direction in life and career despite their gender. Additionally, being a woman gives me an individual bias to want to support a woman’s success and fight for equal pay. My cultural influences instilled values in me that allow me to understand that we are not all the same, identical or equivalent but we can all thrive when given the chance if the differences we have aren’t holding us back. It allows me to recognize, examine and discuss the unique challenges and advantages we each face, rather than ignoring them in order to make ethical decisions.

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References Carosella, C. (2020, March 27). Why gender equality matters in business success. Forbes . https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesnonprofitcouncil/2020/03/27/why-gender-equality- matters-in-business-success/?sh=1bafde9b669c Daugherty, G. (2023, March 1). Gender and Income Inequality: History and Statistics . Investo- pedia. https://www.investopedia.com/history-gender-wage-gap-america-5074898

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