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Dec 6, 2023

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Assignment Instructions Review the case study that has been provided. Identify the theory that you wish to apply to the case study. The bullet points below correspond to grading criteria in the rubric. You may also want to read the rubric to better understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion. For this paper you should: ● Integrate research-based knowledge and practice wisdom to identify key components of the selected theory. ● Critically evaluate the theory, citing academic resources to support your evaluation. ● Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your selected theory, using examples to support your discussion. ● Evaluate the cultural competence of the theory. ● Apply assessment, intervention, and evaluation to identify potential implications of the theory on human behavior and development. Additional Requirements The assignment you submit is expected to meet the following requirements: ● Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. ● APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting standards. ● Number of resources: Minimum of three scholarly sources. All literature cited should be current, with publication dates within the past five years. ● Length of paper: Minimum of four typed, double-spaced typed pages. ● Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. ● Due date: The assignment must be submitted to your instructor in the courseroom by the end of this week.

Role theory holds that the way in which people act is a result of the awareness of roles and the duties associated with them. For Joe Henry, the role players in his life perform their duties with such neglect and ambivalence that he is forced to compensate for their shortcomings and juggle multiple roles that he is unsuited for. As a result, he finds himself in over his head and struggles to maintain a balance. He embarks on illegality (thieving) to pay his father’s debts and restore his mother’s records. In the end, he is arrested, which is actually the best thing that could have happened for him as it takes him out of the environment he is in and allows him to resume the role of just being a child. He needs time to develop and mature and grow into the role of adult, and being taken into custody by the state is a good opportunity for that to happen. Hopefully, he will obtain a counselor who is more apt than the one he is assigned through school. The strengths of role theory are that it provides an explanation for how roles are conceived, perceived and adopted by persons in a social group. In a healthy family, roles are divided among individuals, typically a father, a mother, and children. In Joe Henry’s family, the roles of the parents are negligible and confusing for Joe. He is assaulted for his father’s debts, put in the position of being comforter to his mother instead of receiving nurturing... Attachment Psychologists distinguish four attachment patterns: secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant or anxious-ambivalent, and insecure-disorganized. From infancy, children carry these models into the future, which help them seek lifelong approaches to relationships with other people (Fearon & Roisman,2017). A secure pattern implies a relationship with a parent who consistently satisfies

the need for observation, security, and comfort. It means safety and predictability of the immediate social environment. It allows the child to control emotions, understand other people, and establish mutually beneficial communication in the future (Fraley & Roisman, 2019). This style of attachment develops in children who are confident that a significant adult will always be there when needed and will help. This confidence allows children to feel safe and explore the world around them with interest. In the future, they enjoy intimacy and are not addicted. An insecure-avoidant style occurs when the child’s calls are unanswered and needs are not met. Such children conclude that their desires are indifferent to the adults and try to adapt to this situation, suppressing their need for love and care. They may appear indifferent and disinterested, but behind this lies the fear of rejection and grief (Fearon & Roisman,2017). Such a pattern of attachment can be seen in the movie Joe the King, especially in the relation between the boy and his father. Joe avoids close relationships, tends to mistrust, and finds it difficult to express his feelings (Whaley). Unfortunately, this style is common in families where parents are alcohol or drug addicts and feel indifferent to their children. In this case, children usually see their partners as disinterested and detached. They do not want to be rejected, so they pretend that they do not need any attachment. The third type of attachment is formed when a child is faced with inconsistency or obsession. This style is a consequence of the unpredictable behavior of parents, for example, a mother can be sometimes rude or indifferent, sometimes gentle, or may suddenly leave. The child does not understand what to expect and how to behave (Fraley & Roisman, 2019). Such children are afraid of strangers, they are upset when the parents leave, but they are not happy when they return. Sometimes they even get angry because they do not feel safe. In adulthood, they often feel anxiety, jealousy, and cannot control their emotions. They are afraid of becoming addicted, lonely, anxious, or seem intrusive. A disorganized pattern can form in the presence of three other styles. Such children demonstrate contradictory behavior, they are either drawn to adults, then they are afraid, then they rebel. As a rule, this style of behavior is associated with serious psychological trauma (Fraley & Roisman, 2019). Under conditions of constant stress, it is difficult to cope with feelings, have normal relationships with people, and even think clearly. Moreover, a disorganized attachment pattern

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increases the likelihood of fragmentation of conscious perception, which is called dissociation. These early types of attachment influence the formation of peer relationships in the future. If nothing happens to the child that breaks the established pattern, these behaviors become fixed. As it can be seen in the movie Joe the King, the boy is insecurely attached to his parents (Whaley). He shows the elements of an avoidant as well as a disorganized pattern. He is unconsciously afraid of vulnerability and rejection, so he tries to keep the distance. With this type of attachment, he seems strong and independent, but his ability to take risks is combined with the fear to be abandoned. Societal Factors As a social worker for Joe’s family, I may note that Joe Henry is not an ordinary teenager. He grows up in a family where moral values are not respected since his father pays attention only to whether his bottle of alcohol is full, and his mother sometimes forgets that she has children. Joe is not the only child in the family, however, he is the only one who deals with family problems. It is clear that nobody takes care of the boy, he is left to himself (Whaley). It would seem that against this background, the boy could become an alcoholic or a thief, but Joe tries to avoid this fate. Moreover, he tries to get his parents out of numerous family problems. Joe lives in a dysfunctional family with low social status, unable to cope with the functions assigned to them. Their adaptive abilities of Joe’s family are significantly reduced and the process of the family upbringing of a child proceeds with great difficulties, slowly, and ineffectively (Alink et al., 2019). Family dysfunction is caused not by one, but by several criteria at once. One of the most powerful societal factors that destroy the family and mental balance of its members is the father’s alcoholism. The life of children in such a family atmosphere becomes unbearable, turns them into social orphans with living parents. The family’s poverty, low economical status, and lack of educational resources also negatively influence family dynamics. In Joe’s family, the structure is broken, internal boundaries are blurred, and the main family functions are devalued and ignored (Alink et al., 2019). There are obvious defects in

upbringing, as a result of which the psychological climate in it is disturbed. These factors significantly affect Joe’s psychological system. References Alink, L. R., Cyr, C., & Madigan, S. (2019). The effect of maltreatment experiences on maltreating and dysfunctional parenting: A search for mechanisms. Development and Psychopathology, 31 (1), 1-7. Fearon, R. P., & Roisman, G. I. (2017). Attachment theory: Progress and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 131-136. 1 Theory Identification and Analysis SWK5003 Theory Identification and Analysis Capella University Human Behavior Social Environment 1 Case Study Joe the King is a 1999 film that takes place in New York. The main character in the movie, Joe Henry, was being raised in a dysfunctional household that displayed substance abuse, domestic violence, and attachment issues throughout the movie (Whaley, F. 1999). Joe’s father, Bob Henry, was an alcoholic and appeared to be mentally abusive towards Joe and his brother, Mike Henry, as well as physically abusive to Joe’s mother, Theresa Henry (Whaley, F. 1999). Due to economic pressure, Joe took upon a full time job to help alleviate some of the financial stress in the household as his father lost his job due to his substance abuse. Although only being the age of 14, Joe takes on adult roles and performs acts of kindness to establish attachments he wanted, however did not exist. Joe is raised off survival in this home

and has picked up habits that get him by each day. At the end of the movie, Joe is arrested and sentenced to the juvenile detention center. Evaluation of the Multidimensional Theory According to the textbook, a multidimensional theory does not favor one theory; however, it takes the strengths of different theories and provides a better understanding of what is at hand (Lundhal & Hull, 2015). For example, this theory could include other theories such as, the learning theory, nature/evolutionary theory, nurture/environment theory, psychological theories, system theories and more. Within the multidimensional theory, a social worker is able to use the critical thinking approach known as completeness over partiality 2 Theory Identification and Analysis (Lundhal & Hull, 2015). Completeness over partiality is when the social worker looks at most or all of the factors that contribute to an issue or challenge and not a piece of it (Lundhal & Hull, 2015). The multidimensional theory was chosen due to the fact that the family exhibits different aspects of other theories that apply to the family as a whole. The following theories apply to the case study mentioned above: Evolutionary Theory The evolution theory, also known as the nature theory that proposes that the way a human acts is based on biology (Lundhal & Hull, 2015). According to the textbook, “biological processes explain cognition, emotion, motivations, and behavior patterns” (Lundhal & Hull, 2015). For example, things are passed down through generation and generations based on our genes. For example, in the movie “Joe the King” Bob comes off as aggressive and dominant. Due to those being genetic traits, those traits will be passed down for generations to come.

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You are the social worker for Joe's family and are tasked with completing a family assessment. ● What are all of the biological factors in play for each family member? ○ Father- addiction-gambling ,drinking ,smoking, violence ○ Mother – victim of domestic abuse, emotionally detached/strained ○ Brother – hunger, poverty, ○ Joe- Sleep deprivation, hunger, guilt ● How might these biological factors influence family dynamics? Biological factors can influence predetermined genetic flags like being predisposed to alcoholism and or mental health issues. Family dynamics are formed with generational conditioning and this can both be positive and negative factors. Negative factors in this particular family are tied into the substance disorder that led to poverty. How might these biological factors interact with relevant psychological or societal systems? Biological factors could hold some relevant to psychological and societal systems in that there was a relationship strain between all parties. The marriage was strained, parent and child structure was nonexistent. In regards to his job, Joe was underage and simply was taken advantage of by cheap labor. Some other negative factors that within this family was the lack of structure. For example when Joe needed a new pair of shoes a parent would usually go and make that purchase and not leave it up to a 14 year old to follow through with it. In understanding human behavior we are aware that it is a multilevel stimulus and that biological, psychological and environment all influence the outcomes. .

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