Final Project Milestone One

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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300

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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PSY 300 Topic Proposal and Literature Review Worksheet This worksheet will help you complete Milestone One of the final project. Using the feedback received from your instructor and classmates in Module One, describe your chosen topic in the box below. For my topic, I have chosen to research the effects of stress on health. Specifically, on the effects on depressed college students. Stress is defined as a feeling of emotion or physical tension. Stress can occur by an event or thought that overproduces the feeling of being frustrated, angry, and or nervous. Being stressed can cause your personality to alter because you are not feeling “normal”/ your everyday feelings. Stress can bring such a big change to the human brain that it has caused scientists to research. I want to study the effects of stress on an individual who is depressed. Does stress have the same effect on their personality and their brain functions? Next, select your first three references to support your chosen topic, keeping in mind that you will ultimately need seven references for your final paper. Answer the questions below for each of your first three references, using specific examples from the research to support your answers. The references should be listed in American Psychological Association (APA) format. Note that you may use literature reviews rather than studies. If you do, mark “N/A” for the last two questions. However, please keep in mind that you will need to address these questions at least once in the worksheet in order to be graded on these elements. Thus, at least one of your references must be a reference to a peer reviewed study. Reference One Cite your reference in APA style. Dalton, E. D., & Hammen, C. L. (2018). Independent and relative effects of stress, depressive symptoms, and affect on college students’ daily health behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41(6), 863–874. https://doi-org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1007/s10865-018-9945-4 What claims do the authors of the study make about the influence of the brain and nervous system on human behavior? The author claims that “depressive symptoms, chronic stress, and daily stress, but not acute stressful life events, were associated with daily maladaptive health behaviors” (Dalton & Hammen, 2018). What evidence does the study present for how the brain and nervous system influence human behavior? ‘…life course research indicates that young adults, relative to other age groups, are particularly likely to use health behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking, exercise) in response to stress (Umberson et al., 2008 as cited in Dalton & Hammen, 2018). Therefore, it is especially important to improve understanding of these processes during this time” (Dalton & Hammen, 2018). If your reference covers a study, what research design was used for the study, and why do you think the researchers chose it?

The type of research design that was used in this study was a case study. The researchers chose to do this because they were looking to find out the effects of a group of individuals vs another group. How did the researchers address potential ethical issues in the study, and did they do so adequately? Why or why not? In this article, the author discusses the ethical issues in statement at the end of the article: “All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee at the University of California, Los Angeles and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study” Reference Two Cite your reference in APA style. Amanvermez, Y., Rahmadiana, M., Karyotaki, E., de Wit, L., Ebert, D. D., Kessler, R. C., & Cuijpers, P. (2020). Stress management interventions for college students: A systematic review and meta- analysis. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. https://doi- org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1111/cpsp.12342 What claims do the authors of the study make about the influence of the brain and nervous system on human behavior? The authors claim that there could be specific stress management interventions for individuals who have depression, anxiety, and other stress/psychological health issues. What evidence does the study present for how the brain and nervous system influence human behavior? This study I think does not show how the brain and nervous system influence human behavior since it is a systematic review and meta-analysis. If your reference covers a study, what research design was used for the study, and why do you think the researchers chose it? N/A How did the researchers address potential ethical issues in the study, and did they do so adequately? Why or why not?

N/A Reference Three Cite your reference in APA style. What claims do the authors of the study make about the influence of the brain and nervous system on human behavior? Hirsch, J. K., Rabon, J. K., Reynolds, E. E., Barton, A. L., & Chang, E. C. (2019). Perceived stress and suicidal behaviors in college students: Conditional indirect effects of depressive symptoms and mental health stigma. Stigma and Health , 4(1), 98–106. https://doi- org.ezproxy.snhu.edu/10.1037/sah0000125 What evidence does the study present for how the brain and nervous system influence human behavior? This study presents a correlation between depression mediated relation between stress and suicidal behaviors and how those behaviors can affect an individual into taking any actions. If your reference covers a study, what research design was used for the study, and why do you think the researchers chose it? This was an empirical study, a quantitative study. This study used a self-report survey which included a demographic questionnaire was included that assessed age, sex, educational level, and race/ethnicity. I think they chose this method because they what to compare the answers of all the participants. How did the researchers address potential ethical issues in the study, and did they do so adequately? Why or why not? “All respondents were provided with mental health resource information and were compensated $5.00 for participation”; this is all I could find regarding ethical issues. I would say they did address it; however, they could have provided a bit information to the participants themselves and the reader as it leaves us with some questions. Questions Considering all three references, address the questions below. How have advancements in technology influenced research on human behavior? Technology has how we get to experience and learn about the brain. Now because of these advancements we get a map of the brain and where a specific action comes from and why that movement is happening.

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How have views on your topic changed over time? I think it has taken a long time for my topic to be taken seriously both in the medical field and in our society. Expressing your mental health leads you to be seen as “weak” or “not enough” of a human being. So, I would say yes, the view of my topic has changed over time, and it has changed for the better. What conclusions can be reached, based on these studies and references? A conclusion that could be reached based on these studies and references is that we need to mental health more seriously. Just like we would a cold or a cut, even though we cannot see someone hurt doesn’t mean they are aching and in pain. Depression, Stress, and many other mental health issues are not seen but they do the same amount of damage and need the proper medication or professional help as an injury would. More young adults are facing this issue and some of them see no escape other than hurting themselves. Which only leaves others with more pain and confusion. How have issues of ethics in biopsychology been viewed historically? In our book, we learn that biopsychology is new and so its history is short. However, when it comes to biopsychology and its nonhuman- and human subjects it still follows a strict code of ethics. “All biopsychological research, whether it involves human or nonhuman subjects, is regulated by independent committees according to strict ethical guidelines: “Researchers cannot escape the logic that if the animals we observe are reasonable models of our own most intricate actions, then they must be respected as we would respect our own sensibilities”’ (Ulrich, 1991 as cited in Pinel & Barnes, p.6, 2017). What gaps exist in these studies that could be addressed in future research? I would say they there is a gap in these studies but not for the lack of trying. But the complexity of the human brain. Even when we think we know everything, we find something new that was not there before that only leaves us with questions and curiosity. However, if we focus on the environmental factors that lead to depression and other mental health issues we could do better. Based on your topic selection and initial resources, what is your research question? Does stress have the same effect on depressed college students’ personality and their brain functions?

Reference Pinel, J. P., Barnes, S. (20170324). Biopsychology, 10th Edition [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from vbk://9780134636092

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