CSU FIR 4308 Unit 8

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Columbia Southern University *

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4308

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Psychology

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Jun 19, 2024

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The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on the Fire Service Scott R. Groover Columbia Southern University FIR 4308: Applications in Fire Research Professor Chipper Wilkerson May 22, 2023

Introduction to the Study ● Sleep deprivation is prevalent among firefighters. ● Firefighters need an appropriate amount of sleep to perform their job duties at the highest level. ● The purpose of this research is to highlight the impacts of sleep deprivation on firefighters’ mental and physical health and to consider appropriate solutions to the problems that are contributing to the decreased amount of sleep among firefighters. ● This research will identify how sleep deprivation impacts physical and mental health and how the fire service can change to improve the sleep of firefighters.

Background & Significance ● Toomey and Toomey (2020) explain how “almost 40% of firefighters suffer from a sleep disorder” (Toomey and Toomey, 2020). ● When you fall asleep, your body is having an emotional reset. Without that reset, you not only put stress on your mental state, but your demeanor towards others is negative. ● According to Toomey and Toomey (2020), going more than three days without sleep is highly unlikely, but if it did occur, you will experience hallucinations, paranoia and psychosis (Toomey and Toomey, 2020).

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Background & Significance ● Raypole (2020) explains how without proper sleep, your brain will begin to stop functioning properly, leading to organ failure and, in rare cases, lead to death (Raypole, 2020). ● According to Barger (2015), nearly 40% of firefighters suffer from insomnia, work shift disorder or sleep apnea (Barger, 2015). ● Other health risks linked from lack of sleep include obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, anxiety, depression and alcoholism. This research supports the fact that sleep deprivation is heavily impacting firefighters and their ability to do their jobs efficiently.

Overview of Literature ● Barger (2015) explains how sleep deprivation impacts firefighters’ ability to operate motor vehicles, but there are gaps in the existing research that explain how sleep deprivation impacts other components of the duties of fire service workers (Barger, 2015). ● In addition, Toomey and Toomey (2020) explain how there are research-based solutions to decrease sleep deprivation among firefighters, but the existing research does not uncover the effectiveness of these solutions and how they decrease sleep deprivation among firefighters (Toomey and Toomey, 2020). ● The International Association of Fire Chiefs (2007) explains how sleep deprivation among firefighters lead to the increased use of stimulants and caffeine, though existing research does not detail the qualitative research that relates to this evidence (IAFC, 2007).

Overview of Literature ● Esfahani, Haghighi, and Mehrdad (2013) details sleep quality specifically, but the existing research does not provide enough evidence to support how the sleep quality of firefighters compares to the sleep quality of those in other professions (Esfahani, Haghighi, and Mehrdad, 2013). ● Raypole (2020) specifically explains how sleep deprivation impacts bodily functions and how brain functions deteriorate after prolonged time periods without sleep (Raypole, 2020).

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Research Methods & Procedures ● The sample population included firefighters employed by the Henry County Fire Department. ● A mixed method approach was used in the study. ● According to Mcleod, the mixed methods approach selects the best of both quantitative and qualitative methods, regardless of the differences to answer the research questions (Mcleod, 2023). ● The quantitative data will be collected through a survey. The qualitative data will be collected through an open- ended question included on the survey. ● The confidentiality of the participants will be maintained by protecting the names of the participants.

Results ● Buysse, Doghramji, Kushida, Mathias, Roth, Wong, and Zammit (2002) created the Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire for participants to self- administer the screening tool for sleep disorders (Buysse, Doghramji, Kushida, Mathias, Roth, Wong, and Zammit, 2002). ● 24 firefighters completed the survey. ● 100% of the participants described how their sleep quality is impacted by their shifts and call volume and as a result, they feel inadequate to perform their job duties to the highest level. ● 76% of the participants described the increased use of caffeine and energy drinks to help them feel more alert and awake during the day and through the night.

Results The graph shows the results from the survey given to the participants. The areas that scored “Always” include difficulty falling asleep, unintentional sleep and fighting sleep, daytime sleepiness impacting daily life, work preventing sleep, and disturbed sleep. These findings support the negative impact sleep deprivation has on firefighters.

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Conclusions ● Sleep deprivation impacts the physical and mental health of firefighters. ● Research and data supports the fact that sleep deprivation is prevalent among firefighters. ● Research implies that sleep deprivations leads to other health concerns for firefighters. ● Existing research and literature emphasize the need for changes in shift schedules and sleeping environments to improve the quality of job performance among firefighters.

References Barger, L. K. (2015, March 15). Common sleep disorders increase risk of motor vehicle crashes and adverse health outcomes in firefighters . Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from https://jcsm.aasm.org/doi/10.5664/jcsm.4534 Buysse, D. J., Doghramji, K., Kushida, C., Mathias, S. D., Roth, T., Wong, J. M., Zammit, G. (2002). A new questionnaire to detect sleep disorders. Sleep Med, 3: pp. 99-108. Mcleod, S. (2023, March 30). Qualitative vs quantitative research: Methods & Data Analysis . Simply Psychology. Retrieved April 5, 2023, from https://simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html Raypole, C. (2020, April 28). Can you die from lack of sleep? Here's what we know . Healthline. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from https://www.healthline.com/health/can-you-die-from-lack-of- sleep Toomey, J., & Toomey, S. (2020, March 2). Addicted to awake: Sleep deprivation in the fire service . Fire Engineering: Firefighter Training and Fire Service News, Rescue. Retrieved April 11, 2023, from https://www.fireengineering.com/health-safety/addicted-to-awake/#gref

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