Revolutionary Women

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Victor Valley College *

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Oct 30, 2023

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Session Three: Revolutionary Women Session Three: Revolutionary Women You might want to watch John Adams
The 18 th C Women in economics – Midwives, landowners, indentured servants Women in society – Femme Couvert, Femme Sole, Manus, Usus Birth – Midwives, high mortality rates, average pregancy every 18-24 months – Was there ‘birth control’ (Yes, in a way…midwives had the answer) Marriage – Business, not romance; arranged marriages mostly Disease – From smallpox, to venereal disease, to cancer, to body and head lice…to internal parasites…it’s amazing anyone survived! Death – Ever-present; extreme circumstances saw death rates rise (war, epidemics, etc.)
Death is everywhere…
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From the Philadelphia Museum of Art; photo by instructor with permission of museum. Painting death was not unusual…it was a remembrance.
http://edu.glogster.com/media/2/5/71/46/5714631.gif The Thirteen Colonies
Colonial Economy and Women While many colonial women were what we would consider “home makers” (Good Wives), some women did “labor” outside the home, whether voluntarily or involuntarily: • Colonial She Merchants • Midwives • Indentured Servants • Slaves Check your text for the role these women played in the formation of the British colonies in North America.
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The Northern and Southern British Colonies by the 18 th C North Religiously based ‘Conservative’ Small, close-knit villages ‘Middle’ class Family South Economically based ‘Liberal’ ‘Plantations’ Rich or poor Intermingling with other ethnic groups The ‘Mid-Atlantic’ colonies had elements of both…
Religion in the British Colonies Anglican/Church of England – Becomes Episcopalian Puritan – Become ‘Congregationalists’ – Jonathan Edwards – the Great Awakening Quakers – William Penn Catholic Methodists (1735) Lutherans Baptists Presbyterians
websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/ Triangle Trade Route
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North America Before the Revolution
The British: Empire and Industry ‘Rule Britannia’: the English are everywhere Industrialization, c. 1750/60: mass production and monopoly Discontent: political boundaries, free speech, and ‘rights’ Careless, Ignorant and Disorganized: does the king or Parliament even care about the American colonies???
We’re talking revolution! By the time actual shots were fired in 1775, the relationship between England and her colonies had already deteriorated…a good analogy would be that of two people who have ‘grown apart’, and are looking at divorce…or a teenager upset with a parent who won’t let them have any freedom… The War for Independence, as it’s also known, is a BIG conflict. If you’ve never taken US History, you may want to check out the Kenneth Davis book, Don’t Know Much About History , mentioned at the end of Session One. Our focus will be on women in this conflict…
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Wo m e n in t h e r e v o l u t i o n As you can imagine, the first role women played in the American Revolution was one all women have played since history began: they added to their duties some of the men’s work, since the men were off to war. What you may not realize, is that the Revolution fell into an interesting time in history…”The Enlightenment”. This intellectual movement favored education, even for women, and its emphasis on using your brain enabled women to make an impact that they hadn’t made before, especially in the colonies. This means that some women would be able to run businesses, farms, organizations, on a scale that women like Anne Hutchinson would have envied! As you read your text, think about the women’s organizations that boycotted British goods; about Abigail Adams, whose letters to her husband John show us the benefit of women’s education; about an ex-slave who met Washington and almost George III.
So m e n o t a b l e s t a n d o u t s … Deborah Sampson Disguised herself as a man and enlisted in the Patriot army in 1782, under the name “Robert Shurtleff”. Kept up the deception until illness forced a very interesting revelation! What happened to her? She was honorably discharged and held up as an example of patriotism.After marriage, she went on a lecture tour dressed in her old uniform. In 1838, Congress granted her heirs a full military pension. Was Deborah the only woman to do this? Of course not, but after the Revolution, as we shall see, the image of women will radically change, so some wouldn’t (or couldn’t) admit to this kind of heroism!
“Molly Pitcher” Born Mary McCauley Hayes, she earned her nickname for taking water to her husband and his comrades, members of a gun crew. When her husband became wounded in a battle, she completed his tasks. What most history books don’t record is her rather bawdy comment when a cannonball went between her legs, shredding her petticoats; apparently, to paraphrase, she told the men around her that it was a good thing that the shot hadn’t been any higher, or something else would have been damaged! Mercy Otis Warren A wonderful tribute to education for women in the 18 th century, Mercy wrote the first official history of the Revolution: Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution . Her brother, James Otis, is the guy who cried “No taxation without representation!”, so she came from a very revolutionary family indeed!
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Hmmm…myth or fact?
A f t e r t h e r e v o l u t i o n ’s o v e r … As you finish your text, you’ll see a remarkable change in the role of women immediately after the war. You’d think, due to the surrounding circumstances of the Revolution, the Enlightenment, the obvious intelligence of American Women, that rights in the new government would be a foregone conclusion… WRONG. Women will be one of many groups ignored in the foundation of the country. Why? Well, several reasons…
Reasons for excluding women from government: Women needed to focus their attention on helping repopulate…this turns into the concept of ‘Republican Motherhood’, where the woman will be the center of training to create good little republicans (note: make sure you understand what ‘republican’ means in this era!) Women needed to be protected from the harsh outside world (more on this in the next session) Women should not want to be involved in government Women outnumber men…so they may not vote ‘appropriately’ (in other words, to suit men) Maybe women aren’t really biologically capable after all
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C o n c l u s i o n s … As you finish this section, think about the rapid changes we as a nation make during the 18 th century. What happens to the image of women? What contributions do they really make to this era? Why does it change? Wa n t t o l e a r n m o r e ? Things to read: The Letters of John and Abigail Adams

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