Understanding Confirmation Bias and Ethical Listening Skills

1 15/16  that's 94%  This Milestone has been retaken.  15 questions were answered correctly . 1 question was answered incorrectly . Which statement best describes confirmation bias? ●   ● Confirmation bias helps listeners prioritize what they hear. ● Confirmation bias is a way to evaluate content objectively and confirm its accuracy.  Confirmation bias is the tendency to pay close attention to information that supports one’s own beliefs and ignore aspects that contradict those beliefs. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Causes of Poor Listening 2 RATIONALE Confirmation bias is the tendency to pick out aspects of a conversation that support one's own preexisting beliefs and values. As a result, the listener forms opinions without obtaining all pertinent information. Report an issue with this question Dawn met with her neighborhood council at their monthly meeting in the community center to present recommendations for upgrading the park playground. What channel is Dawn using in this example? ●   ● Confirmation bias is the ability to discern truth from falsehood.  Asynchronous computer-mediated ● Face-to-face asynchronous UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Channel 3 RATIONALE Dawn is presenting her recommendations in person at the community center, so it is face-to-face co-located because everyone is together in the same place. Report an issue with this question Brittany is a social media inﬂuencer. She is creating a video to review a cleaning product. Which of the following demographics would have the greatest impact on how the audience receives her message?  ●  ● Synchronous computer-mediated ● Face-to-face co-located ● Whether the viewers subscribe to Brittany’s social media feed or not UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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CONCEPT → Audience 4 RATIONALE In order for Brittany to inﬂuence people to believe what she says, she has to first build trust with them. Report an issue with this question After listening to someone speak, Dietrich paraphrases what he has just heard. What ethical listening behavior is Dietrich exhibiting?  ●  ● Where the viewers live ● Whether the viewers are college graduates  Whether the viewers trust Brittany ● Courtesy UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Listening and Speaking Ethically 5 RATIONALE By paraphrasing what he has just heard, Dietrich is showing in his behavior that he is paying close attention. Report an issue with this question Aster is speaking at a neighborhood watch meeting. As she speaks, she notices people in the audience shaking their heads and speaking to one another. What type(s) of interference is Aster experiencing, and how should she proceed?  ●  ● Silence  Attention ● Open-mindedness UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Noise and Interference RATIONALE What Aster notices in the audience is external interference, and she needs to check in with them to see why they are shaking their heads and talking to one another. Report an issue with this question  ● Aster is experiencing external interference because the audience is tired. She should wrap up what she’s saying. ● Aster is experiencing both internal and external interference. She should take some deep breaths and keep speaking. ● Aster is experiencing internal interference and should ignore it and keep speaking.  Aster is experiencing external interference caused by what she notices in the audience. She needs to stop speaking and check in with them to better understand what they are thinking and feeling. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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6 CONCEPT → Presentation Rachel, a climate scientist, is giving a presentation to a group of policymakers about the impact of climate change and proposed solutions. What should Rachel's overall goal be for presenting herself appropriately during her presentation? RATIONALE Before she can persuade her audience to consider any solutions, Rachel needs to create a connection and engage with them. ●   ● To promote her own interests ● To be overdressed for the occasion  To create a connection and engage with the audience ● To make the audience uncomfortable UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

7 Report an issue with this question Luke is running to serve on the city council and is speaking at a community event to rally supporters. People are smiling and the audience starts cheering and clapping while he is speaking. What type of feedback is Luke receiving from his audience and why? RATIONALE ●    Luke is receiving both verbal and nonverbal feedback with the smiles, cheers, and clapping because the audience supports his candidacy. ● Luke is receiving nonverbal feedback because people are still making up their minds about who to support. ● Luke is receiving nonverbal feedback because people have questions about what policies he supports. ● Luke is receiving verbal feedback because people want to know more about him. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Feedback: Visual and Verbal Cues 8 Luke is receiving both nonverbal and verbal feedback to show positive support for him. Report an issue with this question How does giving messages of criticism in a low-context culture differ from a high-context culture? ●   ● In a low-context culture, the listener takes more responsibility for understanding the message. ● In a high-context culture, people place more responsibility on the speaker to convey a message clearly.  In a low-context culture, people will speak more directly when giving criticism, whereas in a high-context culture, people are more likely to use indirect speech and subtle suggestions to convey meaning. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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CONCEPT → Giving Effective Criticism 9 RATIONALE In low-context cultures such as the United States or Germany, people are more direct when speaking their minds, but in a high-context culture such as Japan or China, people are less direct and rely on indirect speech or subtle suggestions to convey meaning. Report an issue with this question Luis delivered a toast at a company event to celebrate the success of his team. The tone of his toast was excited and positive, but he delivered the toast with his arms crossed in front of his body and without making eye contact. Which of the following describes an adjustment Luis should make? ●   ● In a low-context culture, people do not speak directly about what they are thinking, and in a high-context culture, they do.  Luis should ensure that his verbal and nonverbal messages match, so his audience isn't confused. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Speaker and Message 10 RATIONALE When Luis avoids eye contact and crosses his arms, he is sending nonverbal messages to the audience that contradict the excitement and positive message he’s delivering verbally. Report an issue with this question Samantha is a high school student. She delivers a graduation speech to her classmates and families at her school's ceremony in the school auditorium. In her speech, she reﬂects on her experiences as a student and shares her hopes for the future. She talks about the challenges and opportunities she faced during her time at the school and encourages her peers to pursue their passions and work toward creating a better world. She also highlights the important role that education plays in shaping one's future and the importance of staying curious and learning throughout life. ●  ● Luis should provide more examples of his team’s success. ● Luis should use more gestures when he is speaking. ● Luis should tone down what he’s saying to be less emotional. UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Context: Situation, Environment, Culture, and Bias 11 What is the cultural context of Samantha's speech? RATIONALE The cultural context is for a student to deliver the speech to fellow students at a graduation. Report an issue with this question  ●  ● Samantha's emphasis on the role of education in her life ● The school auditorium ● Samantha's encouragement of her peers to pursue their passions  The custom of a student delivering a speech at a high school graduation UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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CONCEPT → The Importance of Listening A teacher is trying to help a student understand a diﬃcult concept. The teacher is able to consider the student's learning style, prior knowledge, and level of understanding, and adjust their teaching approach accordingly. The teacher is skilled in __________. RATIONALE Critical thinking is a process used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess information. This is what the teacher is doing to adjust their teaching approach appropriately. Report an issue with this question   critical thinking ● note-taking ● eﬃciency ● active listening UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

12 CONCEPT → Avoiding Plagiarism 13 When is quoting another person's written work considered plagiarism? RATIONALE When a citation is not included, it is always considered plagiarism. Report an issue with this question ●   ●  ● When the quote is more than ten words  When a citation is not included ● When the quote is from copyrighted material ● When the quote is not copied word for word UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → History of Public Speaking 14 In which period of time did public speaking become a course taught in high schools and universities? RATIONALE Throughout the 20th century, rhetoric developed as a concentrated field of study with the establishment of rhetorical courses in high schools and universities. Courses such as public speaking and speech analysis trace rhetorical development throughout history and help students learn to apply fundamental Greek theories to their work. Report an issue with this question  ●  ● The Classical Period ● The Renaissance ● The Enlightenment  The New School UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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CONCEPT → Stages of the Listening Process 15 John is teaching a class in statistics and notices several students are frowning and a couple have raised their hands to ask questions. What stage of the listening process is depicted in this example? RATIONALE The students are in the responding stage when they communicate nonverbally by frowning to show they are confused and raising their hands to ask questions. Report an issue with this question  ●  ● Evaluating ● Receiving  Responding ● Understanding UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

CONCEPT → Benefits of Public Speaking A real estate developer attending a city council meeting hears a resident of the city talk about the importance of affordable and accessible housing. Following the meeting, the developer decides to redesign her housing project in a neighboring town to include safer pedestrian access and more affordable units. Which public speaking benefit is described by this example? RATIONALE This is an external benefit because the resident's speech at the city council meeting inﬂuenced the real estate developer to act in a way that would benefit them. Report an issue with this question  ● Critical ● Career ● Personal  External UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

16 CONCEPT → Being a Serious and Open-Minded Listener Which of the following is a common result of judgmental listening? RATIONALE When a person is listening judgmentally, they are not open to hearing alternate perspectives, which limits what they can learn from others. Report an issue with this question ●   ● Full engagement with the speaker on their own terms ● A better understanding of the speaker's ideas  A limit to how much one can learn from others ● Improved personal relationships UNIT 1 — MILESTONE 1 15/16 

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