intl 652 W2 HISTORY OF TERRORISM FORUM
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American Public University *
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652
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Communications
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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Uploaded by jlojunitopr19771958
Hello Class,
Rapoport goes into detail by talking about the four waves of terrorism. With focusing on the first wave, Rapoport goes into detail about the factors that caused the wave which were "The transformation in communication and transportation patterns" (Rapport, 1999). The use of the telegraph, daily mass newspapers, and railroads were the methods that were thriving during this time and helped aid the spread of terrorism. Russians were leading the terrorism ideology and were inspiring people all abroad while traveling. Another factor that contributed to the emergence of the first wave was doctrine and/or culture. Again, it was Russians who were leading this charge, and this strengthens Rapoport's argument of how terrorism was started in waves.
The reading this week in which psychologists attempted to get into the psychology of why people decide to carry out terrorism took an interesting take to try to understand what is going through the minds of these individuals. It described terrorism as some sort of disease that these individuals acquire and something that they cannot get rid of. Love the description of the "top down" perspective that Kruglanski and Fishman spoke about and it is true about terrorism. They always send out their people to
carry out attacks and they sit back and give out the orders. I found it interesting that this reading spoke about how the concept of Global War on Terrorism needs to be reassessed. It is true the "anybody can, has, and potentially will, use the “fear factor” in an attempt to advance their important objectives—
taking seriously the fight against all “terrorism” could mean a fight on too many fronts and against too many adversaries" (Kruglanski & Fishman, 2007). Different perspectives offer different results in regards to syndrome versus tool
The reading on fundamentalism explained that religious fundamentalists will go anywhere that they need to go to make people understand the message that they are trying to portray. It also put to bed many misconceptions about fundamentalism like that it leads to violence, attracts the poorest people, and oppose change to name a few.
The last reading that I would like to discuss is the Leaderless Resistance Concept. COL Ulius Amoss was concerned with the spread on communism in the world and felt that it could reach America at some point. He had little hope that America could "still produce the brave sons and daughters necessary to fight" it off (Beam, 1983). I loved how it talked about how Americans would have to bond together to ensure that the country could be saved from Communism. The overall concept of Leaderless Resisitance
was speaking towards the departure of theories of an organization. The way to fight communism starts at the bottom and works it way up. It requires buy-in from everyone.
I view the relationship of the first wave of modern terrorism and terror motivations as pretty similar. With the first wave of terrorism, there was the idea of spreading a radical transformation of the groups
of people that they were targeting and you must have the motivation to do it. Every action needs a purpose and terror motivations certainly drove the first wave of terrorism.
Appleby, R. S., & Marty, M. E. (2002, Jan). Fundamentalism. Foreign Policy, , 16-22. http://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fmagazines
%2Ffundamentalism%2Fdocview%2F224033664%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D8289
Arie W. Kruglanski & Shira Fishman (2006) The Psychology of Terrorism: “Syndrome” Versus “Tool” Perspectives, Terrorism and Political Violence, 18:2, 193-215, DOI: 10.1080/09546550600570119
Beam, Louis, 1983. Leaderless Resistance. Retrieved from https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/le/enhancedSequenceViewer/146872?url=https%3A%2F
%2Ff54cbe36-23a9-4505-85fe-e251f80ec34d.sequences.api.brightspace.com%2F146872%2Factivity
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Rapoport, 2005. The Four Waives of Modern Terrorism. Retrieved from: https://myclassroom.apus.edu/d2l/le/enhancedSequenceViewer/146872?url=https%3A%2F
%2Ff54cbe36-23a9-4505-85fe-e251f80ec34d.sequences.api.brightspace.com%2F146872%2Factivity
%2F12583088%3FfilterOnDatesAndDepth%3D1
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