Prelab Introduction to Qualitative Analysis part 2
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Name: Guillermo Rumbos Panther ID: 6206887 Course and section number: CHM 1045L U01 TA Name: Giselle Castano Date: 05 /28/ 2024 Prelab Introduction to Qualitative Analysis part 2
Purpose
This lab's objective was to use the flowchart created in the first part of this experiment to
analyze an unknown sample that contained some of the ions previously investigated. After
analyzing the unknown sample, the recollected data was used to identify what ions were present
and explain how that conclusion was achieved.
Flowchart
Deep orange precipitate was formed
Procedure When introducing SO4, add the unknown sample in a labeled test tube and add 10 drops
of 3 M H2SO4 with a dropper. Record any visual changes and be sure to stir the sample if
precipitate forms. Afterwards, centrifugate the sample and record the data. Safely dispose of the
sample before cleaning tubes. Ag+, Pb+2, Ni+2, Ba+2, Fe+3
Add HCL
Add Heat
PPT
Ag+
+K2CO
4
Formed white precipitate, light yellow supernatant
SP
N
pB
+2
+K2CO
4
Formed precipitate in a cloudy darker yellow supernatant.
Supernatant
Ni+2, Ba+2, Fe+3
+H2SO
4
PPT
Ba+2
SPN
Ni+2, Fe+3
PPT
Fe+3
Red precipitate was formed
NH3+DMG
SPN
Ni+2
Turned clear blue supernatant
+NaO
H
Formed precipitate
Ag+, Pb+2
White precipitate
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When introducing HCl to the sample, add 20 drops of the test solution to the labeled test
tube. Add 10 drops of 6 MHCl. After recording the data, proceed to centrifugate the sample and
follow the same steps as for SO4. When heating Precipitate and adding K2CrO4: If precipitate forms in the previous step,
add 4 mL of deionized water and mix. Heat the mix in a water bath for 5 min. Centrifuge the test
tube and pour off the supernatant from the sample into a clean test tube. To the hot liquid, add 2
drops of K2CrO4. Record any observations and dispose of any supernatant and precipitates.
Clean the test tube for the next step. Indicate what ions are in the sample and provide the
reasoning for those conclusions. Add 20 drops of test solutions to the clean test tube and 4 drops of 6 M NaOH with a
dropper. Mix and centrifugate the sample if precipitate forms. Record any visual changes. After
the centrifuge, discard any supernatants and save precipitates for the next experiment. Add 20 drops of 15 M NH3 to the test tube of left over precipitant from the previous test,
mix and centrifugate the samples. Record any observations in Data Table 2. After recording data,
add 3 mL of DMG (dimethylglyoxime). Stir the solutions and record any observations.
Safety precautions Since possibly hazardous chemicals will be handled (unknown sample) while loading and
unloading the samples into the centrifuge, the personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used
thorough the duration of this lab. These consists of safety goggles, lab coat, long pants, close toe
shoes, and gloves. In the case of any chemical reaching exposed skin, it must be rinsed off and
washed. If a chemical is introduced in the eyes, these must be flushed constantly with water for
about 15 minutes. If any of these chemicals are ingested a medical doctor must be contacted. To
avoid accidents the centrifuge machine must be balanced every time is about to be used, failure
to do so might result in the damage of the machine, the samples, and/or the person operating the
machine.
What is it in tobacco that makes it so dangerous? There are more than 4,000 chemical compounds in every cigarette that are hazardous to your health. Nicotine, for example, acts as a high-powered stimulant that raises blood pressure and
heart rate. It is one of the most addictive drugs in the market. Its addiction is comparable to heroine or morphine. Nicotine causes irritation to the lining of the blood vessels. This may cause the "bad" LDL cholesterol to adhere to the vessel walls and speed hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis). Hardening of the arteries can
eventually lead to a heart attack or stroke. At least 40 of these chemicals in cigarettes are known
to cause cancer in humans. When a cigarette is smoked, nicotine first enters the lungs and bloodstream. Within seven seconds, about 15 percent of the nicotine travels directly to the brain. Each puff provides the smoker with a dose of nicotine. Not all the smoke from a cigarette goes into the lungs of the smoker; a large part is exhaling into the air. This creates an atmosphere of smoke for other people to breath. This is known as second-hand smoke. How dangerous is second-hand smoke? Second-hand smoke is more dangerous because it is not filtered out and goes straight into the air.
More than 5000 toxins spread through the air into other people’s lungs. Seven out of the top 20 more toxic chemicals are found in cigarettes. An estimate of 3000 deaths per year is attributed to second-hand smoke. Second-hand smoke is classified as a human class A carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a fact not a probability. In this experiment we will determine the effect of direct (1st hand) and indirect (2nd hand) smoke by collecting the solids released while simulating the process of smoking.
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Write the corresponding letters to the following descriptions. Each proposal can be associated with 0 or
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b. 1s 2s2p63s23p3
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e. [Ar] 4s23d10
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