Prelab Introduction to Qualitative Analysis part 2

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Florida International University *

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1045L

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Chemistry

Date

Jun 3, 2024

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docx

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6

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Name: Guillermo Rumbos Panther ID: 6206887 Course and section number: CHM 1045L U01 TA Name: Giselle Castano Date: 05 /28/ 2024 Prelab Introduction to Qualitative Analysis part 2 Purpose This lab's objective was to use the flowchart created in the first part of this experiment to analyze an unknown sample that contained some of the ions previously investigated. After analyzing the unknown sample, the recollected data was used to identify what ions were present and explain how that conclusion was achieved.
Flowchart Deep orange precipitate was formed
Procedure When introducing SO4, add the unknown sample in a labeled test tube and add 10 drops of 3 M H2SO4 with a dropper. Record any visual changes and be sure to stir the sample if precipitate forms. Afterwards, centrifugate the sample and record the data. Safely dispose of the sample before cleaning tubes. Ag+, Pb+2, Ni+2, Ba+2, Fe+3 Add HCL Add Heat PPT Ag+ +K2CO 4 Formed white precipitate, light yellow supernatant SP N pB +2 +K2CO 4 Formed precipitate in a cloudy darker yellow supernatant. Supernatant Ni+2, Ba+2, Fe+3 +H2SO 4 PPT Ba+2 SPN Ni+2, Fe+3 PPT Fe+3 Red precipitate was formed NH3+DMG SPN Ni+2 Turned clear blue supernatant +NaO H Formed precipitate Ag+, Pb+2 White precipitate
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When introducing HCl to the sample, add 20 drops of the test solution to the labeled test tube. Add 10 drops of 6 MHCl. After recording the data, proceed to centrifugate the sample and follow the same steps as for SO4. When heating Precipitate and adding K2CrO4: If precipitate forms in the previous step, add 4 mL of deionized water and mix. Heat the mix in a water bath for 5 min. Centrifuge the test tube and pour off the supernatant from the sample into a clean test tube. To the hot liquid, add 2 drops of K2CrO4. Record any observations and dispose of any supernatant and precipitates. Clean the test tube for the next step. Indicate what ions are in the sample and provide the reasoning for those conclusions. Add 20 drops of test solutions to the clean test tube and 4 drops of 6 M NaOH with a dropper. Mix and centrifugate the sample if precipitate forms. Record any visual changes. After the centrifuge, discard any supernatants and save precipitates for the next experiment. Add 20 drops of 15 M NH3 to the test tube of left over precipitant from the previous test, mix and centrifugate the samples. Record any observations in Data Table 2. After recording data, add 3 mL of DMG (dimethylglyoxime). Stir the solutions and record any observations. Safety precautions Since possibly hazardous chemicals will be handled (unknown sample) while loading and unloading the samples into the centrifuge, the personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used thorough the duration of this lab. These consists of safety goggles, lab coat, long pants, close toe shoes, and gloves. In the case of any chemical reaching exposed skin, it must be rinsed off and washed. If a chemical is introduced in the eyes, these must be flushed constantly with water for about 15 minutes. If any of these chemicals are ingested a medical doctor must be contacted. To avoid accidents the centrifuge machine must be balanced every time is about to be used, failure to do so might result in the damage of the machine, the samples, and/or the person operating the machine.
What is it in tobacco that makes it so dangerous? There are more than 4,000 chemical compounds in every cigarette that are hazardous to your health. Nicotine, for example, acts as a high-powered stimulant that raises blood pressure and heart rate. It is one of the most addictive drugs in the market. Its addiction is comparable to heroine or morphine. Nicotine causes irritation to the lining of the blood vessels. This may cause the "bad" LDL cholesterol to adhere to the vessel walls and speed hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis). Hardening of the arteries can
eventually lead to a heart attack or stroke. At least 40 of these chemicals in cigarettes are known to cause cancer in humans. When a cigarette is smoked, nicotine first enters the lungs and bloodstream. Within seven seconds, about 15 percent of the nicotine travels directly to the brain. Each puff provides the smoker with a dose of nicotine. Not all the smoke from a cigarette goes into the lungs of the smoker; a large part is exhaling into the air. This creates an atmosphere of smoke for other people to breath. This is known as second-hand smoke. How dangerous is second-hand smoke? Second-hand smoke is more dangerous because it is not filtered out and goes straight into the air. More than 5000 toxins spread through the air into other people’s lungs. Seven out of the top 20 more toxic chemicals are found in cigarettes. An estimate of 3000 deaths per year is attributed to second-hand smoke. Second-hand smoke is classified as a human class A carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a fact not a probability. In this experiment we will determine the effect of direct (1st hand) and indirect (2nd hand) smoke by collecting the solids released while simulating the process of smoking.
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