Chapter 2

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Bossier Parish Community College *

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Chemistry

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Jun 3, 2024

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Ch 2 Family-Centered & Community-Based Maternal and Pediatric Nursing Blended family: Both partners in a marriage bring children from previous marriages into the household Client advocacy: Speaking or acting on behalf clients.  Helps them gain greater independence and to make the health care delivery system more responsive and relevant to their needs Cohabitation family: Couples live together bur are not married by law Communal family: Large group of various couples and children, including single friends and senior adults Community-based nursing: Focuses on prevention and directed toward the individuals and families within a community and delivered outside the traditional hospital system Couplet care: Where the healthy newborn remains in the same room with the mother (as long as there is no medical indication for separation) and one nurse is responsible for the care of both the newborn and the mother Cultural competency: The capacity to work effectively with people by integrating the elements of their culture into nursing care Extended family: Consists of one or more immediate families plus other relatives, often crossing generations to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins Immediate family: Composed of one or two parent figures and their children (either biologic or adopted) who share a common household Primary prevention: Health-promoting activities to prevent the development of illness or injury Secondary prevention:

Health-screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment before long-term negative effects arise Single-parent family: Families that are headed by one adult and one or more children Socialization: Child learns the rules of the society and culture in which the family lives including language, values, ethics, and acceptable behaviors by training, education, and role modeling Stepfamily: Consists of custodial parent and children and a new spouse Tertiary prevention: Health-promoting activities focus on rehabilitation and providing information to prevent further injury or illness 1. Identify the primary purpose of the family in society. The family’s primary purposes are to ensure survival of the unit and its individual members and to continue it knowledge, customs, values, and beliefs . 2. Describe the 5 functions of the family. a. Physical sustenance – meeting each member’s basic needs for food, clothing, shelter, and protection from harm, including illness. b. Emotional support – parent-child relationships help a child emotionally adjust later in life c. Intellectual stimulation – newborn needs to have input through the 5 senses to develop optimally d. Socialization – child learns the rules of the society and culture in which the family lives including language, values, ethics, and acceptable behaviors by training, education, and role modeling e. Spirituality – addresses meaning of life 3. Discuss the types of family structure. a. Immediate family is composed of one or two parent figures and their children (either biologic or adopted) who share a common household. b. Extended family consists of one or more immediate families plus other relatives, often crossing generations to include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. c. Single-parent families are families that are headed by one adult and one or more children. d. Communal family is a large group of various couples and children, including single friends and senior adults. e. Same-sex family are two people of the same sex living together, bound by a formal or informal commitment, with or without children. f. Stepfamily consists of a custodial parent and children and a new spouse. g. Blended family is where both partners in the marriage bring children from previous marriages into the household. h. Cohabitation family are couples who live together bur are not married by law. 4. List factors that have contributed to the growing number of single-parent families.

Rising divorce rates, the women’s movement, increasing acceptance of children born out of wedlock, and changes in adoption laws. 5. Describe how family size and sibling order affect children.  The smaller the family, the more time there is for individual attention to each child.  Children in small families, particularly only children, often spend more time with adults and typically relate better to adults o Only children ten do have more advanced language development and intellectual achievement  A large family emphasizes the group more than the child. o There is greater interdependence among the children and less dependence on the parents  First-born children receive a great deal of attention o Expectations are greater, tend to be high achievers  Second-born children tend to be more relaxed and are slower to develop language skills o Identify more with peers than parents 6. Explain the trend of families spending less time together. a. 2 working parents b. Children participate in extra-curricular activities c. Family members watch tv rather than talking together at meals d. Eat fast food or individual meals without sitting down together e. Emphasis on the acquisition of material goods, rather than the development of relationships 7. Identify the focus of community-based healthcare. The focus is to help people meet their healthcare needs and to maintain continuity of care as they more through the various healthcare settings available to them. 8. Describe the advantages of community-based healthcare for the pregnant woman, child, and family. The advantage of community-based healthcare is that pregnant women and children receive care in settings familiar to them – homes, schools, or community centers. 9. Differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, and give one example of each.  Primary prevention includes health-promoting activities to prevent the development of illness or injury o Information about safety, diet, rest, exercise, disease prevention  Ex: The school nurse giving a drug education program to a 4 th grade class  Secondary prevention is health-screening activities that aid in early diagnosis and encourage prompt treatment before long-term negative effects arise o Clinics, home care nursing, or schools  Nurse identifies child with lice and provides caregivers with instructions on the care of the child  Tertiary prevention is health-promoting activities that focus on rehabilitation and providing information to prevent further injury or illness o Help through special intervention programs, group homes, or selected outpatient settings focusing on rehabilitation 10. Discuss community care settings for maternity and pediatric clients.

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 Prenatal and postpartum home healthcare can help decrease the cost of care as well as increase access to care, especially at-risk populations o Birth setting:  Home, birth centers, & hospitals  Children’s health care needs may be addressed in and met in school and in specialized camp settings. 11. List the skills needed by a community health nurse.  A community health nurse use the nursing process to plan and provide care to families and groups, communicates effectively, gives information to individuals and groups, and practice client advocacy. 12. Explain the information a nurse needs to successfully lead an information session for a group of individuals.  They must identify and gather data on the target population by determining the age, educational level, ethnic and gender mix, culture influences, language barriers, and any previous education the group may have had. The nurse must observe the audience and gear the information session appropriately using appropriate material. 13. Describe how client advocacy helps clients in community-based healthcare.  Nurses act as child advocates by taking action to improve the child’s health or quality of life. o Assisting in the referral process to help the child and family obtain the services and resources needed to maintain health. 14. Discuss the challenges and issues of community-based nursing. 15. What are the 5 areas of wholeness? a. Physical b. Emotional c. Intellectual d. Social e. spiritual 16. What can be a consequence of a child who is exposed to violence against a parent?  Children exposed to violence against a parent often have relationships as an adult that mimic that intimate partner violence pattern, either by abusing their partner or being the victim of abuse. 17. Name 2 family structures and a challenge that each one faces.  Single- parent family o Places a heavy emotional and economic burden on the parent  Extended family o Needs of individual are subordinate to the needs of the group and the family considers children an economic asset 18. Name 2 childbirth settings and an advantage of each.  Home o Comfortable setting o More control over birthing conditions and positions  Birth center o Comfortable setting o Family area o Most amenities as a hospital 19. Name 2 conditions for which a child or infant could receive home healthcare.

 Phototherapy for elevated bilirubin levels  Intravenous antibiotic therapy for systemic infections  Postoperative care  Respirator (ventilator) dependence  Chronic conditions o Asthma, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, HIV/AIDS, & leukemia 20. Name 3 unique aspects of community-based nursing.  Autonomous o Nurses tend to be more self-reliant  Tends to be more holistic o Views the individual as an integrated whole where mind, body, and spirit interact with the environment  Focuses on wellness rather than illness o Women and children may be going through growth and development crisis