week 6 discussion

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South University, Savannah *

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HEALTH ASS

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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1. Identify and describe the six major processes involved in gastrointestinal activity. - Ingestion takes place when food enters the orals cavity. - Mechanical digestion and propulsion crushes and shears food then propels food down digestive tract. - Chemical digestion is chemical breakdown of food into small organic and inorganic molecules. - Secretion is the release of water, acid, enzymes of the digestive tract. - Absorption is the movement of organic molecules, vitamin, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium. - Defecation is the elimination of waste from the body. 2. What role do hormones play in hunger and satiety? - Ghrelin and leptin are two hormones that control your appetite and fullness. Any shift in the delicate balance affects your body’s ability to regulate energy demands and storage leading to pathophysiology. Leptin decreases your appetite while ghrelin increases it. 3. Outline the usual pathway for digestion and absorption of triglycerides (fats). The first step in the digestion of triacylglycerols and phospholipids begins in the mouth as lipids encounter saliva. Next, the physical action of chewing coupled with the action of emulsifiers enables the digestive enzymes to do their tasks. The enzyme lingual lipase, along with a small amount of phospholipid as an emulsifier, initiates the process of digestion. These actions cause the fats to become more accessible to the digestive. 4. Explain the role of the hormones cholecystokinin and secretin in regulating the release of bile and pancreatic juices. - Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release stored bile into the intestine. It also stimulates the secretion do pancreatic juice and may induce satiety.

5. Why is it necessary for the stomach contents to be so acidic? How does the stomach protect itself from digestion? - Acidic helps break down food for digestion, this allows your body to absorb nutrients as food travels through your digestive tract. 6. Identify three ways the small intestine is modified to increase the surface area for digestion and absorption. - The absorptive surface area of the small intestine is increased by plicae circulates, villi, and mivrovilli. Reference https://myclasses.southuniversity.edu/d2l/le/91772/discussions/posts/12043040/ViewAttachment? fileId=16642934 Bartholomew, E., Martini, F., Nath, J. (2017) Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11 th Edition Tadi, P., Yeung, A. (2021) Physiology, Obesity Neurohormonal Appetite and Satiety Control https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555906/

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