Bio+316+unit+1+pointsolutions+questions

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BIOL 316 Point Solutions Without this molecule to block oxygen from entering the mitochondria, the firefly would not be able to emit light . A. NO B The term adaptation most commonly refers to ___ C. changes within a population seen over time that increase reproductive success. On the curve for the enzyme with higher a ﬃ nity, click on the point where you can find Km Why is the icefish blood clear? Is there a benefit to the loss of hemoglobin? Which sequence represents the correct evolutionary order of events in some species of Antarctic fish? D. Presence of hemoglobin>presence of antifreeze proteins>loss of functional hemoglobin>loss of functional myoglobin The study of which genes are up or down regulated during treatment/control conditions is called ____. In which region does O2 storage significantly increase in the adult seal as compared to a pup? D. all the above Give a brief example of phenotypic plasticity, e.g., mussels growing hard shells when exposed to crabs. For the third scenario, which way would water flow? Click the side of the beaker where water will flow to. If the membrane shown in the beakers is permeable only to Na+, and the beaker on the left represents the initial state, click the side of the beaker where Na+ will move to in (II). Thought question: what will be the charge on that side of the beaker? And the other side? In the study by Mayntz et al., Wolf spiders were fed either a protein-rich or lipid-rich diet of fruit flies (Drosophila) and then tested for their preference by being presented with each diet in sequence. the point of 42 VMAX a 9 B genes are non functional no it causes enlarged hearts transcriptomics Snails glow hard shells too to the right to the left side

Which statement about the results of the study is true? D. Spiders on the protein-rich diet ate flies rich in lipid and spiders on the lipid-rich diet ate flies rich in protein. because protein is both uniquely important and uniquely tenuous in animal nutrition (i.e., it is “foremost”). Which animal would be most likely to survive on a diet high in cellulose and low in nitrogen, i.e., a foregut fermenter? A. Sheep Suppose you discover the fossilized gill arches from a previously unknown species of fish. The gill arches have long, closely packed gill rakers. This fish most likely obtained its energy from ___ D. Suspension feeding. List all the “high-grade Which of these animals has the lowest mass-specific metabolic rate? Which of these animals has the lowest mass-specific metabolic rate? C. Bird Which molecule(s) is(are) generated during aerobic metabolism? D. CO2 and H2O According to the figure (y-axis is the rate of oxygen supply, x-axis is time), the shaded area denoted by the arrow is the:, the shaded area denoted by the arrow is the: A. oxygen deficit Which of these activities is least metabolically costly? B. Walking Click the area on the regression line that would best represent the cost of transport for a small flying mosquito. Suppose an animal has a metabolic rate of 3 ml O2/h at 10°C? The Q10 is 2. What is its metabolic rate at 30°C? hint: Q10=R [T]/ R[T-10] C. 6 ml O2/h Suppose an animal has a resting metabolic rate at a body temperature of 25 degrees celcius of 4 J/ min and a Q10 of 4. What is its metabolic rate at 35 degrees celcius? What are three di ff erent ways that an animal can thermoregulate during extreme heat? Be sure to include the relevant animal/environment. As the ambient temperature drops below zero, a newborn reindeer’s resting metabolic rate A. Increase small reptiles

Point to the spot on the red curve (AP) at which you would use to find tau. Which of the following is false about the cardiac muscle action potential compared to other action potentials? D. The depolarization is sustained by membrane permeability to Na. What are the main di ff erences between endocrine and neuronal control systems? Once acetylcholine is released into the synapse it D. is broken down by acetylcholinesterase. Which of the following is false about myelinated axons? D. It makes action potentials travel slower. Write the tastes that each signal transduction mechanism is responsible for. Which statement regarding fish taste is true? A. Fish taste buds are structurally very di ff erent compared to mammalian taste buds. Which sense perception depends on a metabotropic mechanism for initial signal transduction? C. Bitter taste Which statement best reflects the adaptive significance of brain representations in the star-nosed mole? A. The comparatively large brain representations reflect the importance of somatosensory functions. Click on the roman numeral (I, II, or III) that corresponds to the parasympathetic nervous system Bonus thought questions: Which neurotransmitter is being released at V? What happens when this NT is added at IV? YaffTremons Egging hormones short 11

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When the suprachiasmatic nucleus in a horse is destroyed, D. most circadian activity ceases. Why do you think we sleep? Which statement about the features of a nervous system is true? C. Neurons form highly discrete lines of communication. What type of hormone is testosterone? B. Steroid What type of hormone is insulin? A. Peptide What type of hormone is melatonin? C. Amine Which hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland? A. Vasopressin and oxytocin If all of the panels in the figure represent data from one treatment, this treatment was most likely … C. Fasting and ingestion of a high-protein meal. Which is the correct order of events leading to the luteinizing hormone surge? C. Copulation stimulates sensory neurons in the cervix → neuronal impulses release norepinephrine → GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary cells to secrete LH → a surge of LH stimulates ovulation in the ovaries which Click on the roman numeral where menstruation is occurring. Click the area where FSH and LH are released to help the maturation of the follicle. Part A of the figure illustrates which navigational strategy? C. Path integration Voluntary movements in a vertebrate animal are generated by A. the cerebral cortex. B. the cerebellum. C. basal ganglia. I to reset balance our day and night myth Ms IV BIN P and 29 mature follicle

Point to the step that represents the power stroke during a cross-bridge cycle. Based on the figure, detraining following resistance training results in an increase in ___ myosin relative to the ___ state. D. Type IIx; trained Give an example of an animal in which the muscles do not atrophy during disuse. Why? Consider two gas mixtures at the same temperature. If the concentration of CO2 in Mixture A is 10 mmol/L and the concentration of CO2 in Mixture B is 30 mmol/L, which statement is also true? A. The partial pressure of CO2 in Mixture B is 3 times as high as in Mixture A. If a water beetle has used up half of the oxygen in its air bubble, the concentration of oxygen in the bubble is _____ the concentration of oxygen in the water. The partial pressure of oxygen in the bubble is _____ the partial pressure of oxygen in the water. Therefore, oxygen will move from the _____. A. greater than; less than; water into the bubble In which situation would a water beetle’s gas bubble last the shortest amount of time as a functional gill? D. Gas bubble = 1 atm O2; water = 0.21 atm of O2 How does a typical teleost fish, such as a goldfish, maintain ventilation of its gills when stationary in the water column? D. With both a buccal pressure pump and an opercular suction pump. The figure represents the respiratory system of which group of animals? Bonus: Which of the arrows in the figure is showing air movement during inhalation incorrectly? C. Birds Click the part of the curve that represents the oxygen concentration of blood in the systemic tissues during exercise. Click on the roman numeral for the oxygen equilibrium curve that represents the highest blood pH (more basic). Which is the correct sequence of blood movement through the human heart? B. Vena cavae → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → 11

pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta Click the roman numeral where the vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the highest pressure. Among nonavian reptiles, crocodilians are unique because they D. have one aorta. Click on the animal that is a complete osmotic conformer Consider two animals with di ff erent body temperatures: Animal A has a body temperature of 25°C and animal B has a body temperature of 30°C. Which of the two animals would exhale more water vapor? B. Animal B, because warmer air holds more water vapor. Urine that is hyperosmotic contains a C. small amount of water. Urine that is hyperosmotic contains a A. large amount of water. Freshwater animals transport sodium into their body from the environment via D. active transport. Which of the following animals is NOT a hyposmotic regulator? D. freshwater fish Click on the part of the green line where the ghost crab goes from a hyperosmotic regulator to a hyposmotic regulator. Bonus: which type of regulators are these animals? Which ambient osmotic pressure do di ff erent animals transition at? Glomerular filtration rate in vertebrates is defined as the rate of ___ of an animal’s kidney tubules. Bonus: what determines GFR? C. primary urine formation by all If you inject a known diuretic into a frog, the volume of its A. urine will increase. If a person in antidiuresis produces urine with a concentration of 1200 mOsm, his plasma osmolarity is probably about ___ mOsm. B. 300

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A mammal living in dry savannas and deserts that weighs ___ would have the least weight-specific water cost to void endogenously produced heat. A. 20g

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