week 6 discussion lab

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South University, Savannah *

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HEALTH ASS

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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1. Trace and discuss the complete movement of a bolus of food entering and exiting the human via the digestive system. - It starts at the mouth where salivary glands will work on the food and then break down the carbohydrates and the tongue will send it down to the esophagus. After it goes through the esophagus, it goes to the duodenum, then goes into the small intestine (absorption). Next it is sent down to the large colon, some sent to the rectum waiting for defecation. 2. View the anatomical models Figure 38.6 (b), Figure 38.8 (b), and Figure 38.14 (a) and (b) from Laboratory Manual and briefly identify the structures that are described by the following abbreviated statements. Post your brief responses in the threaded Discussion Area below: a. Smooth muscle layers of the muscularis- Outer longitudinal, middle circular, and the inner oblique muscles. b. Location and function of gastric pits- intentions in the stomach which denote entrances to the tubular shaped gastric glands. c. Overall structure of the finger-like villi within the small intestine/increased absorption area- small intestinal mucosa d. Function and location of hepatic artery and vein- supplies blood to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract and carries nutrient rich blood to the bile duct. e. Specific lobes of the liver- right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe, and Quadrate lobe. f. Gallbladder relationship to bile and digestion- holds the bile product in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum. 3. View the histology slides Figure 38.6 (b), Figure 38.9 (a), and Figure 38.13 in your Laboratory Manual and identify the microscopic structures indicated by a leader line, number, or bracket. In the threaded Discussion Area below, briefly describe the function of: a. Figure 38.6 (b) gastric glands- secretes hydrochloride acid and hydrochloric enzymes. b. Figure 38.9 (a) Brunner’s gland- secretes alkaline mucus and a high concentration of bicarbonate ions to neutralize the hydrochloride acid present in the chyme. c. Figure 38.13 ductal cells- bicarbonate rich secretion from ductal epithelial cells.
Reference Marieb, Elaine, N. and Lori A. Smith. Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual , Fetal Pig Version. Available from: South University, (12th Edition). Pearson Learning Solutions, 2016.
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