Spanish 1 1.01

1.01 Se Habla Español Aquí: Spanish is Spoken Here ● The following are countries where Spanish is spoken: ○ Official Language: Argentina (Argentina), Bolivia (Bolivia), Chile (Chile), Colombia (Colombia), Costa Rica (Costa Rica), Cuba (Cuba), Dominican Republic (República Dominicana), Ecuador (Ecuador), El Salvador (El Salvador), Equatorial Guinea (Guinea Ecuatorial), Guatemala (Guatemala), Honduras (Honduras), Mexico (México), Nicaragua (Nicaragua), Panama (Panamá), Paraguay (Paraguay), Peru (Perú), Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico), Spain (España), Uruguay (Uruguay), Venezuela (Venezuela). ○ Commonly Used: Andorra (Andorra), Belize (Belice), Gibraltar (Gibraltar), United States (Estados Unidos), US Virgin Islands (Islas Vírgenes de EE.UU.). ● Mexico (Highest number of Spanish speakers), United States (2nd Highest). ● Descubre México y América Central: Discover Mexico and America Central ○ México: La capital ( The Capital) : La Ciudad de México (CDMX - Ce, de. eme, equis ). Datos importantes ( Important Data) : Did you know CDMX was built on a lake and is said to sink about half a foot each year? ○ Guatemala: La capital: Ciudad de Guatemala. Datos importantes: Do you love chocolate bars? Thank a Guatemalan. The Maya people first invented the chocolate bar. They were also the first to use the concept of zero. ○ Honduras: La capital: Tegucigalpa (Tegus). Datos importantes: Tegus is over 3,000 feet above sea level! ○ El Salvador: La capital: San Salvador. Datos importantes: El Salvador is home to Joya De Cerén which is called the Pompeii of the New World. It is a pre-Hispanic farming village that was covered by a volcano eruption around 500 A.D. ○ Nicaragua (rah): La capital: Managua. Datos importantes: Be careful in Lake Nicaragua; it’s the only place in the world with fresh water bull sharks. Also there is volcano surfing. Surfing season: La Canicula. Cerro Negro - volcano. ○ Costa Rica: La capital: San José. Datos importantes: Costa Rica is the hummingbird capital of the world; 52 different species live in Costa Rica. ○ Panama: La capital: Cuidad de Panamá. Datos importantes: Panama hats are originally from Ecuador. However, they were often sent to Panama before being shipped to the rest of the world. The sale of these hats funded a revolution in Ecuador. ○ Vivo en Mexico - I live in Mexico. ○ Al sur de Mexico - South of Mexico. ○ EVERY TIME I SEE A “J”, THINK “H”. ○ Asi es - Thats it! ○ ¡Ponte las pilas! - Get ready!

● Polyglots: People who speak several languages. ● Crua crua - Ribbit ● Destapa los secretos de América del Sur - Uncover the Secrets of South America ● South America continent touches the Caribbean Sea, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Southern Ocean. Has highest navigable lakes (Lake Titicaca) and the longest rivers (The Amazon and the Orinoco). Home to Angel and Iguazu Falls- highest waterfalls in southern hemisphere. ● Sudamerica - South America ● ● Ecuador: La capital: Quito. Datos importantes: Mount Chimborazo, Ecuador’s highest mountain is the point on Earth closest to the sun. ● Peru: La capital: Lima. Datos importantes: The potato is originally from Peru, and there are over 3,000 different varieties. Proud Peruvians use the phrase "Soy más peruano que la papa" (I am more Peruvian than the potato). ● Columbia: La capital: Bogotá. Datos importantes: Although Colombia is known for coffee, which I love, we are also the second largest exporter of flowers in the world. ● Venezuela: La capital: Caracas. Datos importantes: There is a persistent storm at Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Lightning storms last for about 10 hours, 140 to 160 nights a year. That accounts for about 1.2 million lightning discharges per year, called Catatumbo Lightning. ● Bolivia: La capital: La Paz/Sucre. Datos importantes: Bolivia is a landlocked country in South America. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t cool stuff here. We have many natural wonders to enjoy. Mountain biking, dangerous road to bike- Yungas Road (best views) ● Uruguay: La capital: Montevideo. Datos importantes: Soccer fans, did you know that Uruguay hosted the first World Cup in 1930 which it won? They almost went to war with Argentina over it.

● Guinea Ecuatorial: La capital: Malabo. Datos importantes: This is the only country in Africa that has Spanish as a national language. Its capital is on a volcanic island. ● ¿Qué le pasó a Puerto Rico? - What happened to Puerto Rico? ● It is a commonwealth of the US, not an independent country. ● Has its own Olympic team - Won their first gold medal in 2016. And international soccer team. ● Although they are American citizens, they can’t vote for president (while living on the island) and only have one non-voting representative in the Legislative branch. Called migration when from Puerto Rico to the mainland. ● In Spanish, Americano refers to anyone who live on the North or South American Continent. ● Puerto ricans are estadounidenses (nationality), americanos (geographic location), and puertorriqueños (ethnicity). 1.02¿Cómo estás? ● Video: Encuentro en la escuela - Encounters at school or A meeting at School ○ Who are the main characters in the video? Caleb, Soli, Javier ○ How is Caleb working on learning Spanish? Through his friend Soli who is from Peru, and javier, an exchange student from peru ○ What is his biggest concern about learning Spanish? Being able to communicate with Javier since he needs to improve his spanish ○ Did you hear how our new friends said hello in Spanish? Yes, which is Hola. Buenos días, or Buenas tardes. ● Los saludos (Greetings): ○ India- Young touch the feet of the elders to pay respect ○ France- Greet with a kiss on each cheek. ○ Inuit tribes (Eskimo)- Rub noses to say hello. ○ Japan- People may bow to each other. ○ Latin America- Friends hug and kiss when greeting each other. ○ Tibet- People stick out their tongues to say hello. ● Saludar (Greet): ○ Estoy bien, gracias- I’m fine, thank you. ● Manos o besos (Hands or Kisses) ○ Shake hands- formal setting, or meeting someone for the first time. ○ Hug- abrazo, friendly or family (informal) setting. Same with Beso ○ Kiss - Beso ● Vamos a Practicar! - Lets practice ○ Buenas tardes- Good afternoon ○ ¿Cómo está usted, doctor? - How are you(formal), doctor? ○ Más o menos, gracias. ¿Y usted? - So so, thanks. And you? (formal)